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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 9.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Comp Psychol. 2014;27(3):488–500.

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Mean (+/− SEM) Log10 latency (seconds) to make the first response on the active empty spout across Trials 1–16 for the High Gapers, the Low Gapers, and the Saline Controls. (B) Mean (+/− SEM) Goal-Directed behavior (i.e., active minus inactive spout responses/2 h.) for High Gapers, Low Gapers, and Saline Controls across Trials 1 – 16. (C) Mean (+/− SEM) Log10 latency (seconds) to earn the first infusions of saline or cocaine across Trials 1–16 for the Saline Controls and the Low and High Gapers. (D) Mean (+/− SEM) number of infusions/2 h for the High Gapers, the Low Gapers, and the Saline Controls across Trials 1–16. *, p <0.05; #, p <0.01; †, p <0.001.