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(A) Mean (+/− SEM) Goal-Directed behavior (active minus inactive responses) during the 30 min intraoral infusion period for Low Gapers, High Gapers, and the Saline Controls across Trials 1–17. (B) Mean (+/− SEM) responses on the active spout during the 20 second time out (TO) period for the Low Gapers, the Higher Gapers, and the Saline Controls across Trials 1–16. *, p <0.05; #, p <0.01; †, p <0.001.
