. 2015 Feb 1;17(2):72–79. doi: 10.1089/dia.2014.0176

Table 1.

Comparison of Baseline Biochemical Parameters and Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 199 Levels in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients by Gender

	Non-metformin		Short-term metformin		Long-term metformin		Total
	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females	Males	Females
n	347	269	163	162	169	143	679	574
Age (years)	55.22±13.04	60.08±21.24^b	54.50±11.38	57.73±9.54^ah	56.24±10.23	59.58±10.47^b	55.72±12.66	59.12±11.45^b
BMI (kg/m²)	24.55±3.31	23.69±3.28^b	26.07±3.29^c	25.57±4.34^h	25.99±3.31^d	25.64±3.72^h	25.23±3.39^c	24.54±3.73^b
DM duration (years)	8.56±7.48	10.07±7.27^a	7.70±6.73	10.02±7.82^a	8.99±5.74	11.19±6.62^b	8.55±6.89	10.39±7.27^b
FPG (mmol/L)	8.28±2.96	8.01±2.74	8.31±2.59	8.51±2.95	8.03±2.66	8.25±2.62	8.18±2.80	8.27±2.74
HbA1c (%)	9.33±2.51	9.08±2.36	8.85±1.98	9.17±3.69	8.18±2.61^de	8.46±2.47	8.91±2.51	9.00±2.85
GA (%)	25.48±9.18	23.87±7.84^a	23.33±6.63^c	22.73±5.87	21.15±6.49^d	21.59±5.36^ah	23.90±8.21	23.14±6.87
TC (mmol/L)	4.67±1.04	4.97±1.15^b	4.67±1.21	5.11±1.11^b	4.55±0.97	4.88±1.03^b	4.62±1.07	4.96±1.12^b
TG (mmol/L)	1.66±1.21	1.63±1.39	2.19±1.82^c	2.06±1.62^h	1.94±1.51^e	1.93±1.12^bh	1.86±1.48	1.83±1.43^g
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.04±0.28	1.23±0.54^b	0.99±0.22	1.16±0.29^bg	0.95±0.19^d	1.11±0.25^bg	1.00±0.25	1.17±0.34^b
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.75±0.81	2.86±0.90	2.73±0.75	3.16±1.95^a	2.74±0.76	2.86±0.81	2.74±0.79	2.94±1.26^b
ALT (U/L)	25.54±20.32	23.96±17.48	29.25±17.72	25.34±17.26	26.16±17.82	24.28±16.80	26.43±19.32	24.26±17.01
AST (U/L)	21.20±10.64	22.77±13.24	21.76±10.45	22.03±10.09	20.43±9.32	21.35±12.27	21.10±10.42	22.02±12.31
GGT (U/L)	34.84±33.67	31.44±24.28	40.10±33.14	35.11±30.72	36.04±26.09	37.05±50.31	36.30±31.24	33.97±35.60
BUN (mmol/L)	6.17±7.16	5.75±23.91	6.74±14.29	4.97±1.33	5.47±1.55	4.97±1.35^b	6.15±8.73	5.37±2.99
Cr (μmol/L)	81.41±56.67	63.54±46.40^b	73.23±13.78^d	53.98±12.15^b	73.41±19.81^d	59.87±54.04^b	77.58±43.78	60.28±45.07^b
UA (μmol/L)	330.5±88.34	289.66±96.51^b	338.07±106.	299.76±81.32^b	342.72±95.3	314.7±69.37^bg	336.30±96.07	299.14±88.32^b
GFR (mL/min)	101.3±25.23	96.07±26.19	100.15±23.4	97.02±23.56	99.13±24.52	93.60±23.25	100.0±25.08	95.56±24.30
E2 (pmol/L)	126.1±46.11	140.0±220.65	114.66±44.8	107.52±106.27	128.96±47.5	113.72±109.5	124.24±46.35	125.52±75.19
T (nmol/L)	13.97±6.49	1.25±1.05^b	13.24±5.29	1.31±0.74^b	13.76±5.76	3.43±20.20^b	13.77±6.09	1.75±9.55^b
FSH (IU/L)	11.34±12.68	48.44±27.47^b	8.05±3.68^c	41.68±24.97^bg	11.54±11.88^e	43.93±24.25^b	10.68±11.25	45.82±26.29^b
LH (IU/L)	7.00±5.88	25.78±24.08^b	5.72±3.22	20.14±14.04^bg	7.16±5.65	22.42±15.32^b	6.76±5.39	23.67±20.35^b
PRL (μg/L)	209.5±119.4	261.1±293.2^a	166.04±97.8^d	184.8±130.5	222.2±110.3	208.31±280.6	202.8±114.76	231.31±262.52^a
CA199 (U/mL)	20.08±23.56	30.34±59.66^b	15.26±9.65^c	18.19±11.89^ah	8.15±5.89^df	11.18±9.97^bhi	15.97±18.89	22.89±15.03^b

Data are mean±SE values.

^{^a}

P<0.05, ^bP<0.01 versus males; ^cP<0.05, ^dP<0.01 versus males of the non-metformin group; ^eP<0.05, ^fP<0.01 versus males of the short-term metformin group; ^gP<0.05, ^hP<0.01 versus females of the non-metformin group; ⁱP<0.01 versus females of the short-term metformin group.

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CA199, carbohydrate antigen 199; Cr, serum creatinine; DM duration, duration of diabetes mellitus; E2, estradiol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GA, glycosylated serum albumin; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LH, luteinizing hormone; PRL, prolactin; T, testosterone; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; UA, uric acid.