. 2015 Feb 9;10(2):e0117044. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117044

Table 1. General clinical characteristics of the Chinese population with positive or negative history of diabetes (adjusted for age and gender).

	FH0	FH1	FH2	P-value
	FH0	FH1	FH2	FH1 vs FH0	FH2 vs FH0	FH1 vs FH2
Number	30,195	5443	643
Gender (M/F)	11,951/18,244	2072/3371	240/403
Prevalence of DM (%)	8.4	20.1	32.7	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0003
Prevalence of DM (%)	7.9, 8.9	18.2, 22.1	26.4, 39.7
Age (years)	44.9	44.9	45.1	0.2834	0.1876	0.3892
Age (years)	44.8, 44.9	44.8, 45.1	44.7, 45.5
Age of diagnosis of DM (years)	45.3	43.9	44.6	0.0002	0.0409	0.2035
Age of diagnosis of DM (years)	45.1, 45.4	43.2, 44.6	43.9, 45.2
Maximal weight (kg)	65.3	69.2	71.0	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0075
Maximal weight (kg)	65.1, 65.6	68.6, 69.8	69.9, 72.2
Smoking (%)	24.8	25.6	29.1	0.4312	0.1609	0.2841
Smoking (%)	23.9, 25.6	23.7, 27.7	23.5, 35.5
Drinking (%)	21.3	26.2	28.6	<0.0001	0.0171	0.4480
Drinking (%)	20.5, 22.1	24.3, 28.1	23.0, 34.9
Central obesity (%)	27.40	34.00	41.7000	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0148
Central obesity (%)	26.6, 28.3	31.8, 36.4	36.1, 47.5
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.85	24.54	25.11	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0204
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.78, 23.92	24.34, 24.74	24.67, 25.56
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122.7	123.9	123.8	0.0158	0.2598	0.9289
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122.4, 123.1	123.0, 124.7	122.0, 125.6
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	77.8	78.6	80.6	0.0100	<0.0001	0.0039
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	77.6, 78.1	78.1, 79.2	79.4, 81.8
FPG (mmol/L)	5.2	5.8	6.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0005
FPG (mmol/L)	5.2, 5.2	5.6, 6.0	6.2, 6.8
PG2h (mmol/L)	6.8	8.1	9.6	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001
PG2h (mmol/L)	6.8, 6.9	7.8, 8.4	8.9, 10.2
FINS (mU/L)*	6.9	7.7	7.3	0.0006	0.0238	0.6814
FINS (mU/L)*	5.0, 9.6	5.5, 10.7	5.1, 10.7
INS2h (mU/L)*	25.4	31.2	34.6	<0.0001	0.0006	0.8351
INS2h (mU/L)*	15.2, 43.3	18.6, 54.9	19.0, 56.9
TCHO (mmol/L)*	4.66	4.74	5.00	0.0024	<0.0001	0.0015
TCHO (mmol/L)*	4.03, 5.34	4.18, 5.37	4.42, 5.52
TG (mmol/L)*	1.21	1.39	1.64	<0.0001	0.0004	0.2556
TG (mmol/L)*	0.85, 1.82	0.94, 2.07	0.98, 2.24
LDLC (mmol/L)*	2.54	2.75	3.11	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.1305
LDLC (mmol/L)*	2.04, 3.09	2.28, 3.29	2.52, 3.37
HDLC (mmol/L)*	1.25	1.25	1.25	0.4728	0.9045	0.8669
HDLC (mmol/L)*	1.07, 1.48	1.06, 1.48	1.05, 1.53
ΔI30/ΔG30^a,*	8.28	7.75	5.97	0.0132	0.8311	0.2763
ΔI30/ΔG30^a,*	4.39, 15.50	3.91, 14.92	4.03, 12.53
CIR*	750.8	688.2	461.9	0.0001	<0.0001	0.0039
CIR*	427.3, 1324.3	375.3, 1261.9	266.1, 954.5
ISI*	136.3	116.9	115.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0107
ISI*	92.7, 193.9	76.8, 165.6	73.2, 153.2
HOMA-IR*	1.53	1.77	1.86	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0086
HOMA-IR*	1.08, 2.25	1.22, 2.70	1.40, 2.98
DI₃₀ ^b,*	1107.6	926.9	580.8	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.4604
DI₃₀ ^b,*	606.6,1888.3	450.9, 1654.6	397.4, 1296.9
DI ^c ^,* (×10³)	104.1	84.1	48.5	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001
DI ^c ^,* (×10³)	60.7, 167.8	44.4, 142.9	24.2, 94.4

Note: Variables with asterisk (*) are presented as the range of median to quartile, and other variables are presented as the mean with 95% CI.

^a ΔI30/ΔG30 = (INS30 - FINS)/(PG30 - FPG).

^b DI₃₀ = ΔI30/ΔG30 × ISI.

^c DI = CIR × ISI.

ISI = 10,000/√(fasting plasma glucose [mmol/L] × fasting insulin [mU/L]) × (mean OGTT glucose [mmol/L] × mean OGTT insulin [mU/L]).

CI: confidence interval; CIR: corrected insulin response; DI: disposition index; DM: diabetes mellitus; FH0: negative family history of diabetes; FH1: moderate family history risk category of diabetes; FH2: high family history risk category of diabetes. FINS: fasting plasma insulin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDLC: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; INS2h: 2-h postload plasma insulin; INS30: serum insulin level at 30 min after OGTT; ISI: insulin sensitivity index; LDLC: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; PG2h: 2-h postload plasma glucose; PG30: plasma glucose level at 30 min after OGTT; TCHO: total serum cholesterol; TG: serum triglyceride.