Figure 5. Microarray studies of the olfactory organ of rainbow trout.

(a) Venn diagrams of microarray experiment representing the overlap of genes upregulated or downregulated in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout 4 or 14 days after IN vaccination with IHNV versus control fish. (b) Biological processes that were significantly altered following the IN vaccination 4 d.p.i. revealed by microarray studies. (c) Biological processes that were significantly modified following the IN vaccination 14 d.p.i. revealed by microarray studies. Fold change differences between control and IHNV-injected samples were calculated using cutoff of twofold. Significant differential expression at each time point (4 and 14 d.p.i.) was established by two sample (unpaired) t-tests (P<0.05) with unequal variance. (d) Representative innate immune genes modulated by IHNV vaccination at 4 or 14 d.p.i. (e) Representative adaptive immune gene expression modulated IHNV vaccination at 4 or 14 d.p.i. (f) Representative antiviral response genes expression modulated by IHNV vaccination at 4 or 14 d.p.i. (g) NALT-related genes differentially up- or downregulated in the olfactory organ of rainbow trout following nasal IHNV vaccination at 4 or 14 d.p.i. (h) Histology of the olfactory epithelium of a mock-vaccinated rainbow trout (N = 4). (i) Histological examination (haematoxylin/eosin stain) of the olfactory organ of IN vaccinated rainbow trout 4 d.p.i. with IHNV vaccine (N = 4). (j) Histological examination (haematoxylin/eosin stain) of the olfactory organ of IN IHNV-vaccinated rainbow trout 14 d.p.i. (N = 4). (k) Histological examination (haematoxylin/eosin stain) of the olfactory organ of IN IHNV-vaccinated rainbow trout 28 d.p.i. (N = 4). Scale bar, 10 μm. Black arrows indicate the width of the lamina propria (LP). OE, olfactory epithelium. The red asterisk denotes capillaries in the LP of IN vaccinated trout.