Table 1.
Patient Characteristics at Admission
| All participants (n=7219) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Institutionalized (878) | Non-institutionalized (6341) | p value | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 41.5 (19.6) | 53.5 (20.0) | 39.8 (18.9) | <0.00005 |
| Women, n (%) | 1950 (27.0) | 247 (28.1) | 1703 (26.9) | 0.425 |
| Race, n (%)* | 0.002 | |||
| White, n (%) | 5030 (69.7) | 646 (73.6) | 4384 (69.1) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 687 (9.5) | 53 (6.0) | 634 (10.0) | |
| Black, n (%) | 1236 (17.1) | 147 (16.7) | 1089 (17.2) | |
| Other, n (%) | 266 (3.7) | 32 (3.6) | 234 (3.7) | |
| Lives alone, n (%)* | 1245 (17.2) | 276 (31.4) | 969 (15.3) | <0.0005 |
| Employment* | <0.0005 | |||
| Competitively employed, n (%) | 4420 (61.3) | 411 (47.0) | 4009 (63.3) | |
| Student, n (%) | 476 (6.6) | 26 (3.0) | 450 (7.1) | |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 820 (11.4) | 90 (10.3) | 730 (11.5) | |
| Retired due to disability, n (%) | 374 (5.2) | 78 (8.9) | 296 (4.7) | |
| Retired due to age or other causes, n (%) | 861 (11.9) | 233 (26.6) | 628 (9.9) | |
| Taking care of the house of family, n (%) | 179 (2.5) | 22 (2.5) | 157 (2.5) | |
| Other, n (%) | 80 (1.1) | 15 (1.7) | 65 (1.0) | |
| Payer source* | <0.0005 | |||
| Medicare, n (%) | 1066 (14.8) | 251 (28.6) | 815 (12.9) | |
| Medicaid, n (%) | 1564 (21.7) | 159 (18.1) | 1405 (22.1) | |
| HMO, PPO, other private insurance, n (%) | 2975 (41.2) | 274 (31.2) | 2701 (42.6) | |
| Worker's compensation, n (%) | 371 (5.1) | 54 (6.2) | 317 (5.0) | |
| Private pay, n (%) | 249 (3.4) | 9 (1.0) | 240 (3.8) | |
| Auto insurance, n (%) | 381 (5.3) | 101 (11.5) | 280 (4.1) | |
| Other, n (%) | 562 (7.8) | 27 (3.1) | 535 (8.4) | |
| Cause of injury*,** | <0.0005 | |||
| Vehicular (e.g., MVA), n (%) | 3832 (53.1) | 321 (36.6) | 3511 (55.4) | |
| Violence (e.g., GSW, assault), n (%) | 746 (10.3) | 100 (11.4) | 646 (10.2) | |
| Falls, n (%) | 1,909 (26.4) | 351 (40.0) | 1558 (24.6) | |
| Pedestrian, n (%) | 463 (6.4) | 86 (9.8) | 377 (6.0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 257 (3.6) | 17 (1.9) | 240 (3.8) | |
| Acute-care LOS, mean (SD), d | 20 (15.8) | 24 (20.2) | 19.4 (15.0) | <0.00005 |
| Not following commands, n (%) | 470 (6.5) | 119 (13.6) | 351 (5.5) | <0.0005 |
| In PTA, n (%) | 5062 (70.1) | 715 (81.4) | 4347 (68.6) | <0.0005 |
| FIM System® | ||||
| Feeding, mean (SD) | 3.5 (2.1) | 2.6 (1.9) | 3.6 (2.1) | <0.00005 |
| Bowel management, mean (SD) | 3.3 (2.2) | 2.3 (1.9) | 3.4 (2.2) | <0.00005 |
| Bladder management, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.2) | 1.9 (1.6) | 3.0 (2.2) | <0.00005 |
| Bed-chair-wheelchair transfers, mean (SD) | 2.9 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.5) | <0.00005 |
| Locomotion, mean (SD) | 2.2 (1.6) | 1.7 (1.2) | 2.3 (1.6) | <0.00005 |
| Comprehension, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.8) | 2.7 (1.6) | 3.7 (1.8) | <0.00005 |
This table displays information for all participants who met our inclusion criteria and had data for our outcome.
*
Within our study population, there were additional missing values for some of our predictors, including: 1 missing value for race, 3 missing values for “lives alone,” 9 missing values for employment, 51 missing values for rehabilitation payer source, and 12 missing values for cause of injury.
**
8 people were coded under more than 1 cause of injury.
SD, standard deviation; HMO, health maintenance organization; PPO, preferred provider organization; MVA, motor vehicle accident; GSW, gunshot wound; LOS, length of stay; PTA, post-traumatic amnesia.