Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study (first author + year) | Country of origin | Study population | Mean age (years) | Men (%) | Sample size | Number (%) of AKI | Mean baseline IL-18 (pg/ml) | Definition of AKI | IL-18 Assay | Sample storage (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng et al. [6] | China | Children with CHD or undergoing CPB surgery |
Non-AKI 11.4 (2.2–47.0) AKI 5.9 (0.6–44.5)a |
39 (67.2) | 58 | 29 (50) |
Non-AKI 7.9 (3.8–23.1) AKI 17.6 (7.2–41.5) |
SCr↑ ≥0.3 mg/dl or ≥50 % baseline, urine ≤0.5 ml/kg/6 h AKIN criteria | ELISA | –80 |
| Sirota et al. [7] | USA | Orthotopic liver transplantation patients | 56.1 ± 6.8 | 27 (67.5) | 40 | 7 (17.5) |
AKI 0 (0–18.57) Non-AKI 0 (0–200.10) |
SCr↑ ≥50 % baseline, RIFLE and AKIN criteria | ELISA | –80 |
| Li et al. [11] | China | Non-septic critically ill neonates | 34.1 ± 3.2b | 34 (54.8) | 62 | 11 (17.7) | / | SCr >1.5 mg/dl on the first 3 days of life, after the first 3 days of life, a ≥25 % decrease in eCCl. Modified pediatric RIFLE | ELISA | –80 |
| Chen et al. [12] | Taiwan, China | CCU patients | 66 ± 1 | 113 (75) | 150 | 43 (28.7) | 71 ± 5 | AKIN criteria | ELISA | –80 |
| Parikh et al. [13] | USA | Pediatric patients with congenital cardiac lesions surgery | 3.8 ± 4.5 | 171 (55) | 311 | 53 (17.0) | / | Receipt of acute dialysis during the entire hospital stay or sCr double baseline. RIFLE R or AKIN stage 2 | ELISA | –80 |
| Parikh et al. [14] | USA | Cardiac surgery adults at high risk for AKI | 71 ± 10 | 826 (68) | 1219 | 60 (4.9) | / | Receipt of acute dialysis during the entire hospital stay or sCr double baseline. RIFLE R or AKIN stage 2 | ELISA | –80 |
| Endre et al. [15] | Australia | ICU admission | 60 ± 17 | 367 (70.2) | 523 | 147 (28.1) | 73 ± 340c |
SCr↑ ≥0.3 mg/dl or 50 % baseline AKIN48 or RIFLE 24 criteria |
ELISA | –80 |
| Liangos et al. [16] | USA | Patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery | 68 ± 11 | 74 (72) | 103 | 13 (12.6) | / | Scr↑ ≥50 % baseline in the first 72 h following termination of CPB | ELISA | –80 |
| Washburn et al. [17] | USA | PICU children who received mechanical ventilation | 6.5 ± 6.4 | 73 (53) | 137 | 103 (75.2) | 179.0 ± 337.9 | Paediatric modified RIFLE | ELISA | –80 |
| Parikh et al. [18] | USA | Cardiac surgery children | 3.4 ± 5.3 | 30 (54.5) | 55 | 20 (36.4) | 1.65 ± 1.01 | SCr↑ ≥50 % baseline | ELISA | –80 |
| Parikh et al. [19] | USA | ARDS and ALI patient | 50.2 ± 17.0 | 72 (52.2) | 138 | 52 (37.7) |
AKI 104 (0–955) Control 0 (0–173) |
SCr↑ ≥50 % baseline | ELISA | –80 |
AKI acute kidney injury, AKIN acute kidney injury network, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CHD congenital heart disease, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, sCr serum creatinine, RIFLE risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal disease, eCCl estimated Cr clearance, CCU coronary care unit, ICU intensive care unit, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ALI acute lung injury
aMonths; b Gestational age, weeks; c (pg/ml)/mmol/l Cr