Table 1.
Patient characteristics-skeletal muscle relaxant
| Variable N(%) | Unmatched characteristics | Matched Demographic Characteristics (1:1 propensity-scored matching) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident Muscle Relaxant Use | No Muscle Relaxant Use | P value | Incident Muscle Relaxant Use | No Muscle Relaxant Use | P value | |
| n = 27786 | n = 1779618 | n = 27783 | n = 27783 | |||
| Age Groups | ||||||
| 65-74 | 16216 (58.4%) | 803689 (45.2%) | <0.001 | 16213 (58.4%) | 16205 (58.3%) | 0.994 |
| 75-84 | 10207 (36.7%) | 818252 (46%) | 10207 (36.7%) | 10210 (36.8%) | ||
| 85+ | 1363 (4.9%) | 157677 (8.9%) | 1363 (4.9%) | 1368 (4.9%) | ||
| Gender (female) | 668 (2.4%) | 28458 (1.6%) | <0.001 | 665 (2.4%) | 637 (2.3%) | 0.432 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 19072 (68.6%) | 1173582 (66%) | <0.001 | 19072 (68.7%) | 19083 (68.7%) | 1.00 |
| Black | 2841 (10.2%) | 110042 (6.2%) | 2839 (10.2%) | 2838 (10.2%) | ||
| Hispanic | 1854 (6.7%) | 54433 (3.1%) | 1853 (6.7%) | 1854 (6.7%) | ||
| Other | 393 (1.4%) | 22436 (1.3%) | 393 (1.4%) | 391 (1.4%) | ||
| Unknown/missing | 3626 (13.1%) | 419125 (23.6%) | 3626 (13.1%) | 3617 (13%) | ||
| Poverty Status | ||||||
| Under the poverty limit | 20873 (75.1%) | 1038801 (58.4%) | <0.001 | 20870 (75.1%) | 20886 (75.2%) | 0.895 |
| Number of Medications | ||||||
| 0-5 | 7900 (28.4%) | 871000 (48.9%) | <0.001 | 7900 (28.4) | 7900 (28.4) | 1.00 |
| 6-8 | 6811 (24.5%) | 459144 (25.8%) | 6810 (24.5%) | 6808 (24.5%) | ||
| 9-11 | 5601 (20.2%) | 249228 (14%) | 5601 (20.2%) | 5595 (20.1%) | ||
| >12 | 7474 (26.9%) | 200246 (11.3%) | 7472 (26.9%) | 7480 (26.9%) | ||
| Number of Physical Comorbidities | ||||||
| 0-1 | 5107 (18.4%) | 508737 (28.6%) | <0.001 | 5107 (18.4%) | 5123 (18.4%) | 0.996 |
| 2-3 | 12041 (43.3%) | 844548 (47.5%) | 12040 (43.3%) | 12040 (43.3%) | ||
| 4-5 | 7387 (26.6%) | 329098 (18.5%) | 7385 (26.6%) | 7385 (26.6%) | ||
| 6+ | 3251 (11.7%) | 97235 (5.5%) | 3251 (11.7%) | 3235 (11.7%) | ||
| Number of Psychiatric Comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | 22267 (80.1%) | 1555665 (87.4%) | <0.001 | 22267 (80.1%) | 22263 (80.1%) | 0.993 |
| 1 | 4093 (14.7%) | 179695 (10.1%) | 4091 (14.7%) | 4099 (14.7%) | ||
| 2+ | 1426 (5.1%) | 44258 (2.5%) | 1425 (5.1%) | 1421 (5.1%) | ||
| ED visits in 2005 | 8439 (30.4%) | 243864 (13.7%) | <0.001 | 8436 (30.4%) | 8441 (30.4%) | 0.963 |
| Hospital admissions in 2005 | 3050 (11%) | 96276 (5.4%) | <0.001 | 3049 (11%) | 3046 (11%) | 0.968 |
| Geriatric visits in 2005 | 553 (2%) | 42550 (2.4%) | <0.001 | 553 (2%) | 551 (2%) | 0.952 |
| Primary Care visits | ||||||
| 0-1 | 3639 (13.1%) | 478963 (26.9%) | <0.001 | 3639 (13.1%) | 3639 (13.1%) | 0.993 |
| 2-4 | 14736 (53%) | 991503 (55.7%) | 14736 (53%) | 14749 (53.1%) | ||
| 5+ | 9411 (33.9%) | 309152 (17.4%) | 9411 (33.9%) | 9398 (33.8%) | ||
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Death within 1 year | 1414 (5.1%) | 79589 (4.5%) | <0.001 | 1414 (5.1%) | 1613 (5.8%) | <0.001 |
| Emergency department visit within 1 year | 11169 (40.2%) | 232937 (13.1%) | <0.001 | 11169 (40.2%) | 6399 (23.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization within 1 year | 3613 (13%) | 83505 (4.7%) | <0.001 | 3613 (13%) | 2430 (8.8%) | <0.001 |
| Emergency department visit for fall within 1 year | 384 (1.4%) | 6487 (0.4%) | <0.001 | 384 (1.4%) | 176 (0.63%) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization for fall within 1 year | 67 (0.2%) | 1625 (0.1%) | <0.001 | 67 (0.24%) | 46 (0.17%) | 0.048 |
| Death emergency department visit or hospitalization within 1 year (composite) | 12365 (44.5%) | 308148 (17.3%) | <0.001 | 12356 (44.5%) | 7821 (28.2%) | <0.001 |