Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the exercise and control groups.
| Exercise group (n = 24) | Control group (n = 24) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.79 ± 3.39 | 72.00 ± 4.14 | 0.274 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.96 ± 2.50 | 24.63 ± 3.60 | 0.144 |
| Education (years) | 6.63 ± 2.50 | 6.75 ± 2.71 | 0.869 |
| Smoking (years) | 7.42 ± 10.80 | 6.33 ± 12.52 | 0.750 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 141.75 ± 15.21 | 138.38 ± 13.28 | 0.417 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 83.83 ± 7.40 | 84.96 ± 6.32 | 0.514 |
| MMSE | 27.88 ± 1.19 | 28.21 ± 0.98 | 0.295 |
| BDI-II | 5.63 ± 1.76 | 5.38 ± 2.30 | 0.675 |
| 7-day PAR (Kcal/d) | 1776.63 ± 400.29 | 1841.38 ± 431.15 | 0.592 |
| Changes in strength (post-pre) | |||
| Biceps curls | 9.25 ± 6.87 | −1.38 ± 1.56 | <0.001 |
| Triceps extensions | 6.38 ± 3.90 | −0.96 ± 1.94 | <0.001 |
| Seated rowing | 16.29 ± 6.12 | −2.71 ± 4.02 | <0.001 |
| Hamstring curls | 8.67 ± 7.14 | −1.67 ± 3.17 | <0.001 |
| Latissimus dorsi pull-downs | 15.38 ± 8.61 | 1.08 ± 2.93 | <0.001 |
| Calf raises | 7.08 ± 4.13 | 0.63 ± 2.89 | <0.001 |
| Leg press | 22.96 ± 7.95 | −0.63 ± 4.98 | <0.001 |
MMSE, mini mental state examination; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; 7-day PAR,7-day physical activity recall; 1RM: one-repetition maximum.