Table 1.
Baseline data of all included patients
| Variables | Non-smoking group | Smoking group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Former smoking subgroup | Current smoking subgroup | ||
| (n = 1544) | (n = 2186) | (n = 614) | (n = 1572) | |
| Age (years) | 65.7 ± 9.7 | 62.2 ± 9.4* | 60.7 ± 8.8* | 65.3 ± 9.2 |
| Male | 1051 (68.1%) | 2156 (98.6%)* | 602 (98.0%)* | 1554 (98.9%)* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 3.1* | 25.2 ± 3.0* | 24.9 ± 3.1 |
| Familial history of CAD | 1425(92.3%) | 1994(91.2%) | 556(90.6%) | 1438(91.5%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 559(36.2%) | 783(35.8%) | 230(37.5%) | 553(35.2%) |
| Hypertension | 897(58.1%) | 1103 (50.5%)* | 344(56.0%) | 759 (48.3%)* |
| Hyperlipemia | 597(38.7%) | 684 (31.3%)* | 212(34.5%) | 472 (30.0%)* |
| COPD | 94 (6.1%) | 306 (14.0%)* | 97 (15.8%)* | 209 (13.3%)* |
| History of MI | 721(46.7%) | 1158 (53.0%)* | 319 (51.9%)* | 839(53.4%)* |
| Prior CVA | 240(15.5%) | 348(15.9%) | 108(17.6%) | 240(15.3%) |
| Coronary artery lesion | ||||
| Double-vessel | 134(8.7%) | 198 (9.0%) | 54 (8.8%) | 144(9.1%) |
| Triple-vessel | 1408(91.2%) | 1985(90.8%) | 558(90.9%) | 1427(90.8%) |
| Left main | 378(24.5%) | 529 (24.2%) | 147 (23.9%) | 382 (24.3%) |
| SYNTAX score | ||||
| Low: ≤ 22 | 278 (18.0%) | 306 (14.0%) | 101 (16.4%) | 200 (13.1%) |
| Intermediate: 23-32 | 793 (51.4%) | 1194 (54.6%) | 324 (52.8%) | 870 (55.3%) |
| High: ≥33 | 473 (30.6%) | 686 (31.4%) | 189 (30.8%) | 497 (31.6%) |
| LVEF (%) | 59.7 ± 9.0 | 57.9 ± 9.9* | 57.5 ± 9.7* | 58.1 ± 9.8* |
| >50% | 1275 (82.6%) | 1631 (74.6%)* | 463 (75.4%)* | 1168 (74.3%)* |
| 35-50% | 178 (11.5%) | 407(18.6%)* | 99 (16.1%)* | 308 (19.6%)* |
| <35% | 91 (5.9%) | 148 (6.8%)* | 52(8.5%)* | 96 (6.1%) |
| Emergence operation | 123 (8.0%) | 179 (8.2%) | 49 (7.9%) | 130 (8.3%) |
| On-pump CABG | 418(27.1%) | 439 (20.1%)* | 163(26.5%) | 276 (17.6%)* |
| CPB (min) | 78.2 ± 31.4 | 79.6 ± 27.8 | 75.5 ± 24.8 | 80.1 ± 28.4 |
| ACC (min) | 57.2 ± 20.6 | 58.5 ± 19.5 | 57.4 ± 18.6 | 59.4 ± 20.6 |
| Use of IMA | 1518 (98.3%) | 2144 (98.1%) | 603 (98.2%) | 1541 (98.0%) |
| Number of grafts | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.4 |
Fisher’s exact test was employed to compare enumeration data, and t-test to compare measurement data.
*p < 0.05 (as compared to Non-smoking group).
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CVA, cerebro-vascular accident; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; On-pump CABG, CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ACC, aortic cross clamp; IMA, internal mammary artery.