Table 1.
Characteristics of cohort.
|
Characteristic (n, % unless otherwise indicated) |
Overall cohort
(n=220) |
Guideline therapy
(n=166) |
Non-guideline therapy
(n =54) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age (median, (IQR)) | 2.9 (1.3-6.3) | 2.5 (1.3-5.2) | 5.6 (2.3-8.8) | <0.01* |
|
| ||||
| Male | 122 (55.5%) | 89 (53.6%) | 33 (61.1%) | 0.34 |
|
| ||||
| Emergency Severity Index | 0.11 | |||
| 2 | 90 (40.9%) | 73 (44.0%) | 17 (31.5%) | |
| 3 | 116 (52.7%) | 85 (51.2%) | 31 (57.4%) | |
| 4 | 14 (6.4%) | 8 (4.8%) | 6 (11.1%) | |
|
| ||||
| Abnormal Vital Signs on presentation | ||||
| Fever | 99 (45.0%) | 80 (48.2%) | 19 (35.2%) | 0.10 |
| Tachycardia | 100 (45.5%) | 76 (45.8%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.86 |
| Tachypnea | 124 (56.4%) | 100 (60.2%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.04* |
| Hypotension | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Hypoxia | 27 (12.3%) | 24 (14.5%) | 3 (5.6%) | 0.08 |
|
| ||||
| Physical Exam on presentation | ||||
| Increased respiratory effort | 146 (66.4%) | 111 (66.9%) | 35 (64.8%) | 0.78 |
| Distressed | 110 (50.0%) | 86 (51.8%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.35 |
| Retraction | 103 (46.8%) | 81 (48.8%) | 22 (40.7%) | 0.30 |
| Grunting | 17 (7.7%) | 14 (8.4%) | 3 (5.6%) | 0.49 |
| Nasal flaring | 19 (8.6%) | 17 (10.2%) | 2 (3.7%) | 0.14 |
| Rales | 135 (61.4%) | 99 (59.6%) | 36 (66.7%) | 0.36 |
| Wheeze | 91 (41.4%) | 66 (39.8%) | 25 (46.3%) | 0.40 |
| Decreased breath sounds | 89 (40.5%) | 65 (39.2%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.49 |
| Dehydration | 21 (9.6%) | 13 (7.8%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.13 |
|
| ||||
| PEWS ≥ 5 during admission | 43 (19.6%) | 34 (20.5%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.54 |
|
| ||||
| Oxygen Requirement in first 24 hours | 114 (51.8%) | 90 (53.6%) | 24 (46.2%) | 0.35 |
|
| ||||
| Complete Blood Count Obtained | 99 (45.0%) | 72 (43.4%) | 27 (50.0%) | 0.40 |
| Abnormal white blood cell count | 35 (35.7%) | 23 (32.4%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.27 |
|
| ||||
| Blood Culture Obtained | 104 (47.3%) | 80 (48.2%) | 24 (44.4%) | 0.63 |
| Positive | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.36 |
|
| ||||
| Chest Radiograph Available | 214 (97.3%) | 161 (97.0%) | 53 (98.2%) | 0.65 |
| Infiltrate | 178 (83.2%) | 139 (86.3%) | 39 (73.6%) | 0.03* |
| Bilateral | 29 (16.3%) | 20 (14.4%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.19 |
| Multilobar | 46 (25.8%) | 33 (23.7%) | 13 (33.3%) | 0.23 |
| Effusion | 24 (11.2%) | 16 (9.9%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.30 |
|
| ||||
| Additional Imaging | ||||
| Repeat Chest Radiograph | 26 (11.8%) | 17 (10.2%) | 9 (16.7%) | 0.20 |
| Chest ultrasound | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (1.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.98 |
| Chest CT | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.40 |
|
| ||||
| Antibiotic | <0.01* | |||
| Aminopenicillin | 140 (63.6%) | 140 (84.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Third-generation cephalosporin | 37 (16.8%) | 8 (4.8%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| Macrolide monotherapy | 18 (8.2%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (33.3%) | |
| Clindamycin | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Levofloxacin | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Aminopenicillin + Macrolide | 16 (7.3%) | 16 (9.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cephalosporin + Macrolide | 6 (2.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | 5 (9.3%) | |
*
p-value <0.05
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range