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. 2015 Feb 3;8:79–87. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S50642

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© 2015 Wan et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Hypothetical model of intraislet cell interaction.

Notes: ① Paracrine hyperpolarizing effects of GABA. ② Autocrine depolarizing effects of GABA. ③ GABA–GABA_AR-Ca²⁺ -PI3K/Akt pathway. ④ Autocrine insulin action. ⑤ Intraislet glucagon action. There is an expanded discussion of these events in other reviews.⁹¹,⁹²(\p)(p)Abbreviations: GABA_AR, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor; IR, insulin receptor; VGCC, voltage-gated calcium channel; Gcgr, glucagon receptor; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; Akt, protein kinase B.