Table 1.
Comparison of patients with HFPEF and HFREF in EFFECT-1 and EFFECT-2 samples.
| EFFECT-1 sample | EFFECT-2 sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | HFREF | HFPEF | P-value | HFREF | HFPEF | P-value |
| N=2,529 | N=1,168 | N=2,776 | N=1,739 | |||
| Age (years) | 75.0 (66.0-81.0) | 77.0 (70.0-83.0) | <.001 | 76.0 (67.0-82.0) | 79.0 (71.0-85.0) | <.001 |
| Male | 1,547 (61.2%) | 423 (36.2%) | <.001 | 1,686 (60.7%) | 643 (37.0%) | <.001 |
| Heart rate on admission (bpm) | 96.0 (78.0-113.0) | 90.0 (74.0-110.0) | <.001 | 94.0 (76.0-112.0) | 86.0 (70.0-105.0) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 142.0 (122.0-164.0) | 156.0 (134.0-180.0) | <.001 | 140.0 (120.0-161.0) | 150.0 (131.0-173.0) | <.001 |
| Respiratory rate on admission | 24.0 (20.0-30.0) | 24.0 (20.0-28.0) | 0.853 | 24.0 (20.0-28.0) | 22.0 (20.0-28.0) | 0.156 |
| History of hypertension | 1,245 (49.2%) | 675 (57.8%) | <.001 | 1,784 (64.3%) | 1,264 (72.7%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 919 (36.3%) | 374 (32.0%) | 0.01 | 1,055 (38.0%) | 661 (38.0%) | 0.997 |
| Current smoker | 415 (16.4%) | 130 (11.1%) | <.001 | 382 (13.8%) | 157 (9.0%) | <.001 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 1,339 (52.9%) | 345 (29.5%) | <.001 | 1,519 (54.7%) | 579 (33.3%) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 594 (23.5%) | 396 (33.9%) | <.001 | 752 (27.1%) | 619 (35.6%) | <.001 |
| Left bundle branch block | 530 (21.0%) | 55 (4.7%) | <.001 | 540 (19.5%) | 109 (6.3%) | <.001 |
| Any ST elevation | 371 (14.7%) | 70 (6.0%) | <.001 | 169 (6.1%) | 35 (2.0%) | <.001 |
| Any T wave inversion | 905 (35.8%) | 319 (27.3%) | <.001 | 864 (31.1%) | 414 (23.8%) | <.001 |
| Neck vein distension | 1,575 (62.3%) | 671 (57.4%) | 0.005 | 1,826 (65.8%) | 1,115 (64.1%) | 0.254 |
| s3 | 351 (13.9%) | 92 (7.9%) | <.001 | 245 (8.8%) | 72 (4.1%) | <.001 |
| s4 | 122 (4.8%) | 44 (3.8%) | 0.149 | 97 (3.5%) | 39 (2.2%) | 0.017 |
| Rales > 50% of lung field | 299 (11.8%) | 101 (8.6%) | 0.004 | 361 (13.0%) | 206 (11.8%) | 0.253 |
| Pulmonary edema | 1,298 (51.3%) | 588 (50.3%) | 0.579 | 1,750 (63.0%) | 1,042 (59.9%) | 0.036 |
| Cardiomegaly | 1,012 (40.0%) | 393 (33.6%) | <.001 | 1,377 (49.6%) | 691 (39.7%) | <.001 |
| Cerobrovascular disease / transient ischemic attack | 379 (15.0%) | 189 (16.2%) | 0.349 | 432 (15.6%) | 326 (18.7%) | 0.005 |
| Previous AMI | 1,145 (45.3%) | 239 (20.5%) | <.001 | 1,281 (46.1%) | 401 (23.1%) | <.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 376 (14.9%) | 132 (11.3%) | 0.003 | 404 (14.6%) | 206 (11.8%) | 0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 362 (14.3%) | 206 (17.6%) | 0.009 | 577 (20.8%) | 378 (21.7%) | 0.446 |
| Dementia | 124 (4.9%) | 68 (5.8%) | 0.242 | 168 (6.1%) | 133 (7.6%) | 0.036 |
| Cirrhos | 23 (0.9%) | 12 (1.0%) | 0.731 | 19 (0.7%) | 13 (0.7%) | 0.806 |
| Cancer | 282 (11.2%) | 132 (11.3%) | 0.893 | 292 (10.5%) | 186 (10.7%) | 0.851 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.7 (11.3-14.1) | 12.3 (10.7-13.5) | <.001 | 12.7 (11.2-14.0) | 12.1 (10.7-13.4) | <.001 |
| White blood cell count | 8.9 (7.1-11.4) | 9.1 (7.1-11.5) | 0.527 | 8.7 (7.0-11.4) | 8.8 (7.0-11.4) | 0.901 |
| Sodium | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 0.574 | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 139.0 (136.0-142.0) | 0.681 |
| Glucose | 7.7 (6.1-11.2) | 7.2 (6.0-10.1) | <.001 | 7.4 (6.0-10.5) | 7.1 (5.9-9.6) | 0.004 |
| Urea | 8.3 (6.1-12.2) | 7.6 (5.6-11.4) | <.001 | 8.3 (6.2-12.1) | 8.1 (5.9-11.5) | 0.006 |
| Creatinine | 108.0 (86.0-142.0) | 98.0 (76.0-136.0) | <.001 | 110.0 (87.0-146.0) | 100.0 (79.0-134.0) | <.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 55.1 (39.3-71.9) | 57.3 (39.2-75.8) | 0.06 | 54.9 (38.9-70.9) | 54.6 (39.7-74.2) | 0.301 |
| Potassium | 4.2 (3.9-4.6) | 4.2 (3.8-4.6) | 0.008 | 4.2 (3.9-4.6) | 4.2 (3.8-4.6) | <.001 |
Note: Dichotomous variables are reported as N (%), while continuous variables are reported as median (25th percentile – 75th percentile). The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical baseline characteristics, respectively, between patients with HFPEF and those with HFREF