Table 2. Comparison of EFFECT-1 and EFFECT-2 samples.
| Variable | EFFECT-1 Sample (N=3,697) |
EFFECT-2 Sample (N=4,515) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| HFPEF | 1,168 (31.6%) | 1,739 (38.5%) | <.001 |
| Age (years) | 75.0 (68.0-82.0) | 77.0 (68.0-83.0) | <.001 |
| Male | 1,970 (53.3%) | 2,329 (51.6%) | 0.124 |
| Heart rate on admission (bpm) | 94.0 (77.0-112.0) | 91.0 (74.0-110.0) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 147.0 (126.0-170.0) | 144.0 (124.0-166.0) | <.001 |
| Respiratory rate on admission | 24.0 (20.0-30.0) | 23.0 (20.0-28.0) | <.001 |
| History of hypertension | 1,920 (51.9%) | 3,048 (67.5%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,293 (35.0%) | 1,716 (38.0%) | 0.005 |
| Current smoker | 545 (14.7%) | 539 (11.9%) | <.001 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 1,684 (45.6%) | 2,098 (46.5%) | 0.407 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 990 (26.8%) | 1,371 (30.4%) | <.001 |
| Left bundle branch block | 585 (15.8%) | 649 (14.4%) | 0.067 |
| Any ST elevation | 441 (11.9%) | 204 (4.5%) | <.001 |
| Any T wave inversion | 1,224 (33.1%) | 1,278 (28.3%) | <.001 |
| Neck vein distension | 2,246 (60.8%) | 2,941 (65.1%) | <.001 |
| s3 | 443 (12.0%) | 317 (7.0%) | <.001 |
| s4 | 166 (4.5%) | 136 (3.0%) | <.001 |
| Rales > 50% of lung field | 400 (10.8%) | 567 (12.6%) | 0.015 |
| Pulmonary edema | 1,886 (51.0%) | 2,792 (61.8%) | <.001 |
| Cardiomegaly | 1,405 (38.0%) | 2,068 (45.8%) | <.001 |
| Cerobrovascular disease / transient ischemic attack | 568 (15.4%) | 758 (16.8%) | 0.081 |
| Previous AMI | 1,384 (37.4%) | 1,682 (37.3%) | 0.865 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 508 (13.7%) | 610 (13.5%) | 0.762 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 568 (15.4%) | 955 (21.2%) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 192 (5.2%) | 301 (6.7%) | 0.005 |
| Cirrhos | 35 (0.9%) | 32 (0.7%) | 0.233 |
| Cancer | 414 (11.2%) | 478 (10.6%) | 0.376 |
| Hemoglobin | 12.5 (11.2-13.9) | 12.4 (11.0-13.8) | 0.035 |
| White blood cell count | 9.0 (7.1-11.4) | 8.8 (7.0-11.4) | 0.105 |
| Sodium | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 139.0 (136.0-141.0) | 0.399 |
| Glucose | 7.5 (6.0-10.9) | 7.3 (6.0-10.1) | <.001 |
| Urea | 8.1 (5.9-12.0) | 8.2 (6.1-11.9) | 0.371 |
| Creatinine | 105.0 (84.0-140.0) | 106.0 (84.0-142.0) | 0.679 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 56.0 (39.3-73.2) | 54.8 (39.3-72.0) | 0.219 |
| Potassium | 4.2 (3.9-4.6) | 4.2 (3.9-4.6) | 0.236 |
Note: Dichotomous variables are reported as N (%), while continuous variables are reported as median (25th percentile – 75th percentile). The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical baseline characteristics, respectively, between patients in the two phases of the EFFECT sample.