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. 2015 Feb 1;15(2):119–143. doi: 10.1089/ast.2014.1231

FIG. 6.

FIG. 6.

Energy-Limited Escape: 1 M⊕, 1 TO. Same as Fig. 5 (1 TO, energy-limited) but in an expanded view of the HZ. The axes correspond to the stellar mass (vertical) and the position of the planet within the HZ at 5 Gyr (horizontal). The “position in habitable zone” is the fractional distance between the RV limit and the EM limit (the empirical HZ). The dashed lines once again represent the RG and MG limits. Left: Total water lost in TO after 5 Gyr. Dark blue corresponds to less than 0.1 TO; dark red corresponds to complete desiccation. Most planets in the HZ of M dwarfs are completely desiccated; conversely, those close to the outer edge of high-mass M dwarfs and throughout most of the HZ of K dwarfs lose little or no water. Interior to the RG limit, planets around stars of all masses are completely desiccated. Right: Total amount of oxygen absorbed by the surface in bar. Dark blue corresponds to insignificant O2 buildup; dark red corresponds to 200 bar of oxygen. Planets that lose significant amounts of water also undergo extreme surface oxidation.