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. 2015 Feb 5;11(3):324–334. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.10567

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immune response to transplanted xeno-contaminated MSCs. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in FBS contaminates MSCs during ex vivo expansion. Anti-Neu5Gc antibody present in human serum may bind to the xeno-contaminated MSCs following transplantation. As a result, natural killer (NK) cells may bind to the antibody coated cells through Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR) and cause lysis by antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Anti-Neu5Gc antibody may also activate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and cause lysis through membrane attack complex.