Table 2.
Psychological and behavioral characteristics and quality of life of the study subjects n (%)
| Characteristic | RFD | NRFD | Healthy volunteers (n = 100) | P value |
| (n = 327) | (n = 1014) | |||
| Depression symptoms | 207 (63.3)ac | 212 (20.9)c | 10 (10.0) | 0.002 |
| Mild | 112 (34.3)ac | 170 (16.8) | 10 (10.0) | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 61 (18.7)ac | 34 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| Severe | 34 (10.4)ac | 8 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
| HAMD score | 11.65 ± 6.51ac | 7.15 ± 3.34c | 1.66 ± 2.50 | 0.003 |
| Anxiety symptoms | 201 (61.5)ac | 236 (23.3)c | 10 (10.0) | 0.002 |
| Mild | 97 (29.7)ac | 162 (16) | 10 (10.0) | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 74 (22.6)ac | 60 (5.9)c | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
| Severe | 30 (9.2)ac | 14 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| HAMA score | 10.84 ± 5.82)ac | 6.83 ± 3.53)c | 2.26 ± 2.68 | 0.001 |
| Both depression and anxiety symptoms | 186 (56.9)ac | 171 (16.9)c | 6 (6.0) | 0.001 |
| Eating behavior | ||||
| Skip meals | 68 (20.8)ac | 131 (12.9)c | 4 (4.0) | 0.010 |
| Eating late | 92 (28.1)ac | 222 (21.9)c | 6 (6.0) | 0.001 |
| Eating extra meal | 30 (9.2)ac | 55 (5.4)c | 3 (3.0) | 0.010 |
| Physical activity level | ||||
| High | 98 (30.0)c | 332 (32.7)c | 44 (44.0) | 0.030 |
| Moderate | 156 (47.7) | 536 (52.9) | 54 (54.0) | 0.240 |
| Low | 73 (22.3)ac | 146 (14.4)c | 2 (2.0) | 0.001 |
| Working time | ||||
| Working in the day | 160 (48.9) | 529 (52.2) | 56 (56.0) | 0.400 |
| Working at night | 22 (6.7) | 101 (10.0)c | 2 (2.0) | 0.010 |
| No work | 126 (38.5)b | 333 (32.8) | 25 (25.0) | 0.030 |
| Sleeping disorder | 204 (62.4)ac | 334 (32.9)c | 13 (13.0) | 0.001 |
| PSQI score | 8.87 ± 5.00ac | 5.70 ± 4.12c | 2.95 ± 2.78 | 0.001 |
| SF-36 score | 61.17 ± 16.77ac | 74.96 ± 13.51c | 88.18 ± 7.30 | 0.001 |
| Number of times seeking medical advice | 13.41 ± 7.66 | 4.09 ± 2.20 | - | 0.002 |
| Cost of treatments | 3797.28 ± 1406.41 | 1523.07 ± 665.35 | - | 0.001 |
Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD, and were compared across groups using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons. Count data were compared across groups using a χ2 test.
a
P < 0.05 vs NRFD patients;
c
P < 0.05 vs healthy volunteers. RFD: Refractory functional dyspepsia; NRFD: Non-refractory functional dyspepsia; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SF-36: MOS 36-item Short Form Health Survey.