Fig. 2.

Effects of a combination of rapamycin (RP) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pre-incubated for 24 h and then stimulated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml) after a 1 h pretreatment with RP, MPA, or a combination of the two drugs for 6 h. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers. The experiment was repeated independently at least three times. IL: interleukin, GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.