Table 2.
The Electrophysiologic Characteristics Depending on the PR Interval
| Q1 (<166 ms) (n=139) | Q2 (166 to 182 ms) (n=128) | Q3 (182 to 202 ms) (n=161) | Q4 (≥202 ms) (n=148) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram | |||||
| Heart rate/min | 63.8±15.3 | 61.0±10.0 | 60.7±8.3 | 59.5±10.2 | 0.010* |
| P wave duration in lead II, ms | 116.0±15.5 | 122.7±14.3 | 124.0±16.4 | 131.2±18.9 | <0.001* |
| P wave amplitude in lead II, mV | 15.1±5.1 | 15.5±4.9 | 15.1±5.1 | 14.6±4.6 | 0.512 |
| Negative P duration in lead V1, ms | 50.8±25.0 | 52.6±22.9 | 59.6±25.8 | 62.6±25.2 | <0.001* |
| Negative P amplitude in lead V1, mV | 6.1±3.4 | 5.9±3.7 | 6.6±3.7 | 6.6±3.0 | 0.221 |
| QRS duration, ms | 101.0±32.9 | 99.8±12.7 | 99.6±14.9 | 105.2±16.3 | 0.077 |
| QTc, ms | 429.2±46.0 | 431.9±24.8 | 439.3±31.6 | 445.3±30.0 | <0.001* |
| Echocardiogram | |||||
| LA dimension, mm | 40.5±5.9 | 40.3±5.5 | 42.6±6.4 | 42.7±6.1 | <0.001* |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 33.9±12.4 | 31.5±11.1 | 36.8±13.2 | 38.2±11.4 | <0.001* |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 62.6±7.7 | 64.0±6.7 | 60.9±9.9 | 63.8±8.3 | 0.004* |
| E/Em | 10.0±5.3 | 9.5±4.1 | 10.5±5.1 | 11.2±4.4 | 0.031* |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 94.1±22.7 | 92.3±21.1 | 95.5±21.7 | 94.7±22.7 | 0.786 |
| LVEDD, mm | 50.1±4.1 | 49.7±4.2 | 50.1±4.3 | 49.5±5.0 | 0.624 |
| LVESD, mm | 33.9±3.9 | 32.8±4.4 | 34.4±4.9 | 33.2±4.7 | 0.025 |
| LAA velocity (n=342), cm/s | 55.1±23.3 | 53.1±22.3 | 49.8±22.8 | 45.6±21.2 | 0.032* |
| 3D‐CT | |||||
| LA volume/BSA, mL/m2 | 76.4±23.4 | 75.9±26.2 | 84.3±25.7 | 90.9±23.1 | <0.001* |
| Anterior LA/BSA, mL/m2 | 42.4±14.6 | 43.9±15.1 | 48.4±17.4 | 52.9±16.9 | <0.001* |
| LAA/BSA, mL/m2 | 7.5±8.7 | 6.5±3.2 | 7.4±4.8 | 8.1±5.2 | 0.288 |
| NavX electroanatomical map | |||||
| LA voltage (n=−425), mV | 1.5±0.7 | 1.2±0.6 | 1.2±0.7 | 1.0±0.6 | <0.001* |
| LA conduction velocity (n=345), m/s | 0.4±0.3 | 0.5±0.3 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.404 |
| Effective refractory period (n=443) | |||||
| High right atrium, ms | 227.9±26.9 | 233.2±27.3 | 229.8±27.8 | 230.7±24.2 | 0.549 |
| Low right atrium, ms | 232.0±33.2 | 232.5±28.5 | 226.8±35.3 | 228.6±34.0 | 0.551 |
| Proximal coronary sinus, ms | 241.5±32.9 | 244.9±40.0 | 256.4±218.0 | 250.0±154.3 | 0.833 |
| Distal coronary sinus, ms | 254.3±41.6 | 255.7±41.2 | 249.7±40.9 | 245.5±44.3 | 0.516 |
3D‐CT indicates 3‐dimensional computed tomography; E/Em, the ratio of the transmitral and myocardial early diastolic velocity; LA, left atrium; LAA, LA appendage; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter.
*
P < 0.05.