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. 2014 Sep 19;3(5):e000929. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.000929

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© 2014 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Figure 4. — Effects of metabolic surgery on the sympathetic activity of SHRs. A, 24‐hour ambulatory heart rate (HR) in baseline (upper‐left panel) or after surgery at 12 weeks (upper‐right panel) in sham and surgery SHRs. The time courses of HR (lower‐left panel) and average of 24‐hour ambulatory (lower‐right panel) HR in sham and surgery SHR. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 vs. sham SHRs. Data are means±SEM. Each n=7. B, Effect of cold stress on blood pressure and HR variability. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 vs. sham SHRs. Data are means±SEM. Each n=3. bpm indicates beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.