Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Characteristics | 1999–2001 | 2002–2004 | 2005–2007 | 2008–2010 | Cumulative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 592 255 | 631 114 | 565 082 | 516 990 | 2 305 441 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 78.8 (7.8) | 78.8 (8.1) | 78.9 (8.3) | 78.9 (8.5) | 78.8 (8.2) |
| Female, n (%) | 303 715 (51.3) | 321 297 (50.9) | 282 310 (50.0) | 254 543 (49.2) | 1 161 865 (50.4) |
| White, n (%) | 525 818 (88.8) | 555 212 (88.0) | 496 067 (87.8) | 452 153 (87.5) | 2 029 250 (88.0) |
| Black, n (%) | 42 645 (7.2) | 47 188 (7.5) | 43 024 (7.6) | 40 325 (7.8) | 173 182 (7.5) |
| Other race, n (%) | 23 792 (4.0) | 28 714 (4.5) | 25 991 (4.6) | 24 512 (4.7) | 103 009 (4.5) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 413 276 (69.8) | 459 239 (72.8) | 415 081 (73.5) | 383 472 (74.2) | 1 671 068 (72.5) |
| Hypertension | 326 468 (55.1) | 373 051 (59.1) | 344 592 (61.0) | 343 818 (66.5) | 1 387 929 (60.2) |
| Diabetes | 182 534 (30.8) | 199 071 (31.5) | 177 807 (31.5) | 164 339 (31.8) | 723 751 (31.4) |
| COPD | 135 963 (23.0) | 152 168 (24.1) | 139 223 (24.6) | 106 540 (20.6) | 533 894 (23.2) |
| Congestive heart failure | 95 656 (16.1) | 102 466 (16.2) | 90 212 (16.0) | 79 159 (15.3) | 367 493 (15.9) |
| Pneumonia | 73 783 (12.5) | 87 483 (13.9) | 81 442 (14.4) | 79 956 (15.5) | 322 664 (14.0) |
| Dementia | 56 303 (9.5) | 66 764 (10.6) | 60 434 (10.7) | 58 597 (11.3) | 242 098 (10.5) |
| Renal failure | 27 923 (4.7) | 38 572 (6.1) | 54 477 (9.6) | 66 316 (12.8) | 187 288 (8.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 38 715 (6.5) | 44 107 (7.0) | 39 733 (7.0) | 35 977 (7.0) | 158 532 (6.9) |
| Cancer | 37 070 (6.3) | 40 736 (6.5) | 37 047 (6.6) | 34 393 (6.7) | 149 246 (6.5) |
| Trauma | 31 268 (5.3) | 38 071 (6.0) | 36 030 (6.4) | 32 167 (6.2) | 137 536 (6.0) |
| Depression | 27 372 (4.6) | 34 267 (5.4) | 30 676 (5.4) | 28 552 (5.5) | 120 867 (5.2) |
| History of MI | 29 546 (5.0) | 32 848 (5.2) | 27 353 (4.8) | 26 107 (5.0) | 115 854 (5.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 33 581 (5.7) | 32 471 (5.1) | 25 257 (4.5) | 22 256 (4.3) | 113 565 (4.9) |
| Unstable angina | 36 748 (6.2) | 31 937 (5.1) | 22 021 (3.9) | 17 102 (3.3) | 107 808 (4.7) |
| Respiratory failure | 15 475 (2.6) | 17 774 (2.8) | 20 445 (3.6) | 25 121 (4.9) | 78 815 (3.4) |
| Malnutrition | 13 212 (2.2) | 16 266 (2.6) | 17 528 (3.1) | 23 703 (4.6) | 70 709 (3.1) |
| Functional disability | 15 897 (2.7) | 16 246 (2.6) | 12 807 (2.3) | 13 409 (2.6) | 58 359 (2.5) |
| Stroke | 12 731 (2.1) | 12 653 (2.0) | 10 802 (1.9) | 9649 (1.9) | 45 835 (2.0) |
| Psychiatric disease | 11 536 (1.9) | 12 202 (1.9) | 10 029 (1.8) | 10 877 (2.1) | 44 644 (1.9) |
| Liver disease | 2980 (0.5) | 3730 (0.6) | 3566 (0.6) | 3291 (0.6) | 13 567 (0.6) |
| Length of stay, mean (SD) | 7.1 (6.2) | 6.8 (6.2) | 6.4 (5.9) | 5.9 (5.4) | 6.5 (5.4) |
| Discharged to home, n (%) | 367 198 (62.0) | 365 415 (57.9) | 314 186 (55.6) | 286 929 (55.5) | 1 332 545 (57.8) |
| Discharged to ICF/SNF, n (%) | 114 897 (19.4) | 126 223 (20.0) | 115 842 (20.5) | 102 881 (19.9) | 461 088 (20.0) |
| Discharged to home care, n (%) | 76 993 (13.0) | 89 618 (14.2) | 89 283 (15.8) | 81 684 (15.8) | 336 594 (14.6) |
| Discharged to hospice, n (%) | 148 064 (0.25) | 8836 (1.4) | 14 692 (2.6) | 17 061 (3.3) | 41 498 (1.8) |
COPD indicates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; ICF, intermediate care facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility.