. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2014 Nov 15;47:68–76. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.013

Table 4.

Multinomial and Binary Logistic Regression, with Panic Correlates Predicting Subjective Anxiety (SUDS) Latent Classes and Panic Symptom (DSQ) Latent Classes, respectively.

Subjective Anxiety (SUDS) Class Trajectories
Panic Risk Factor	β	SE β	Wald	p	Exp(β)/OR	95%CI
Demographic
Sex
Acute vs. Low^§	−.411	.31	1.79	.181	0.66	0.36-1.21
High vs. Low^§	−.580	.62	0.89	.346	0.56	0.17-1.87
Acute vs. High^€	.169	.66	0.07	.798	1.18	0.32-4.30
Self-Report Measures
ASI Total
Acute vs. Low^§	*.037*	*.02*	*5.30*	*.021*	*1.04*	*1.01-1.07*
High vs. Low^§	*.087*	*.03*	*10.87*	*.001*	*1.09*	*1.04-1.15*
Acute vs. High^€	−.049	.03	3.19	.074	0.95	0.90-1.01
DASS, Stress
Acute vs. Low^§	*.089*	*.04*	*4.46*	*.035*	*1.09*	*1.01-1.19*
High vs. Low^§	*.241*	*.08*	*8.84*	*.003*	*1.27*	*1.09-1.49*
Acute vs. High^€	−.152	.09	3.17	.075	0.86	0.73-1.02
FQ, Agoraphobic Avoidance
Acute vs. Low^§	*.075*	*.027*	*7.99*	*.005*	*1.08*	*1.02-1.14*
High vs. Low^§	*.118*	*.042*	*7.81*	*.005*	*1.13*	*1.04-1.22*
Acute vs. High^€	−.043	.043	1.01	.315	0.96	0.88-1.04
Behavioral
CO₂ Escape (% stopped CO₂ early)
Acute vs. Low^§	.628	.43	2.09	.148	1.87	0.80-4.38
High vs. Low^§	*−1.53*	*.54*	*7.96*	*.005*	*0.22*	*0.08-0.63*
Acute vs. High^€	*2.16*	*.66*	*10.84*	*.001*	*8.65*	*2.40-31.27*
Panic Symptom (DSQ) Class Trajectories
Demographic
Sex^*
Acute vs. Moderate	−.383	.45	.741	.389	1.47	0.61-3.51
Self-Report Measures
ASI Total
Acute vs. Moderate	.012	.02	.303	.582	0.99	0.95-1.03
DASS, Stress
Acute vs. Moderate	.104	.06	3.104	.078	0.90	0.80-1.01
FQ, Agoraphobic Avoidance
Acute vs. Moderate	.000	.007	.003	.957	1.00	0.99-1.01
Behavioral^*
CO₂ Escape (% stopped CO₂ early)
Acute vs. Moderate	*−.883*	*.44*	*4.04*	*.044*	*2.42*	*1.02-5.72*

Note-For Subjective Anxiety: Low=Low Anxiety Class; Acute=Acute Anxiety Class; High=High Anxiety Class; OR=Odds Ratio; ASI=Anxiety Sensitivity Index; DASS=Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, FQ=Fear Questionnaire.

^§

The Low Anxiety Class serves as the reference class.

^€

The Acute Anxiety Class serves as the reference class.

For Panic Symptoms: Moderate=Moderate Panic Symptoms Class; Acute=Acute Panic Symptom Class.

In binary regression models, female sex and positive escape behavior served as the reference group.