Table 1.

Patient Characteristics and Laboratory Data in Primary Care Cohort (n = 219)

Variables	Definite Cystitis (n = 105)	Definite Pyelonephritis (n = 12)	Probable Cystitis (n = 29)	Probable Pyelonephritis (n = 1)	No UTI (n = 47)	Controls (n = 25)	a	b	c
Gender (female), n (%)	99 (94.3)	12 (100)	28 (96.6)	1 (100)	36 (76.6)	21 (84)	NS	<.01	NS
Age (years), (range)	62 (19–93)	45 (21–88)	57 (18–88)	71	57 (19–88)	56 (46–70)	NS	<.01	<.01
U-HBP (ng/mL)	121 (51–253)	261 (170–606)	85 (34–175)	386	5 (3–12)	7 (4–19)	.01	<.01	<.01
U-IL-6 (pg/mL)	17 (2–198)	95 (6–649)	9 (1–77)	1008	1 (1–1)	1 (1–1)	NS	<.01	<.01
U-WBC (WBC/µL)d	3 (2–3)	3 (3–3)	3 (2–3)	3	0 (0–0)	0 (0–1.5)	NS	<.01	<.01
U-Nitrite (negative/positive)e	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–.0)	0	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	NS	<.01	.01
Urine culture positive, n (%)f	105 (100)	12 (100)	11 (37.9)	1 (100)	10 (21.3)	0
Etiological agent, n (%)
Escherichia coli	83 (79)	12 (100)	8 (72.7)	1 (100)	6 (60.0)
Proteus mirabilis	4 (3.8)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	3 (2.9)
Other gram-negative bacteria	3 (2.9)
Gram-positive bacteria	12 (11.4)		2 (18.2)		2 (20)
Mixed culture			1 (9.1)		2 (20)

Data are presented as median and interquartile range, unless otherwise stated. A value of P <.05 was considered significant.

Abbreviations: HBP, heparin-binding protein; IL, interleukin; NS, nonsignificant; U-WBC, urinary white blood cells.

^a P values between (definite) cystitis and (definite) pyelonephritis.

^b P values between (definite) cystitis and no UTI.

^c P values between (definite) pyelonephritis and no UTI.

^d Semiquantitative scale: 1 = 10–25 leukocytes/µL urine; 2 = approximately 75 leukocytes/µL urine; 3 = approximately 500 leukocytes/µL urine; 4 ≥ 500 leukocytes/µL urine.

^e Positive nitrite was defined as 1, and negative nitrite as 0.

^f Definition of positive culture is described under method section.