Table 3.

Association Between Endothelial Activation and Clinical Markers for Hantaviral Disease Outcome^a

	Syndecan-1 (ng/mL)	sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	sE-selectin (ng/mL)
Clinical laboratory values
Thrombocytes, 109/L	β= −0.487 P < .001	β= −0.071 P < .001	β = −0.311 P = .086	β = -3.668 P = 0.103
Creatinine, μmol/L	β = 0.24 P = .09	β= 0.026 P = .323	β= −0.256 P = .008	β= −3.032 P = .371
Albumin, g/L	β= −0.014 P < .001	β= −0.002 P = .001	β= −0.006 P = .237	β= −0.173 P = .03
Blood pressure
Systolic, mmHg	β= −0.045 P < .001	β= −0.003 P = .009	β = −0.042 P= .052	β= −0.388 P = .1
Diastolic, mmHg	β= −0.015 P = .006	β= −0.003 P = .055	β= −0.017 P = .238	β= −0.244 P = .118
Hypoxia
IGFBP-1	β= 40.283 P < .001	β= 6.151 P = .001	β= 32.754 P = .038	β= 659.573 P = .323
Disease severityb	ρ = 0.47 P = .042	ρ = 0.094 P = .702	ρ = −0.188 P = .441	ρ = −0.407 P = .084

Abbreviations: IGFBP-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1; sE-selectin, endothelial selectin; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecules; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule.

^a The estimated β-coefficients from the generalized estimating equations analysis is given along with the P value. This result corresponds to the change in endothelial activation marker levels for 1 unit increase for continuous covariates (slope). Significant associations are shown highlighted in bold.

^b The maximal values for each marker is associated with disease severity (mild vs moderate/severe disease groups) using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis.