Table 1.
Comparative study between algal biomass and terrestrial plants for biodiesel production.
| Feedstock | Conditions | Biodiesel | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALGAE | |||
| Spirulina platensis | Reaction temperature 55°C, 60% catalyst concentration, 1:4 algae biomass to methanol ratio, 450 rpm stirring intensity | 60 g/kg lipid | Nautiyal et al. (2014) |
| Nannochloropsis sp. | Oil extraction with n-hexane, acidic transesterification | 99 g/kg lipid | Susilaningsih et al. (2009) |
| Scenedesmus sp. | Alkaline (NaOH), temperature of 70°C | 321.06 g/kg lipid | Kim et al. (2014) |
| Acidic (H2SO4) catalyst, temperature of 70°C | 282.23 g/kg lipid | ||
| Nannochloropsis salina | Freeze drying of biomass, extraction with chloroform–methanol (1:1 ratio), alkali transesterification | 180.78 g/kg lipid | Muthukumar et al. (2012) |
| Chlorella marina | 100 g/kg lipid | ||
| TERRESTRIAL PLANTS | |||
| Madhuca indica | 0.30–0.35 (v/v) methanol-to-oil ratio, 1% (v/v) H2SO4 as acid catalyst, 0.25 (v/v) methanol, 0.7% (w/v) KOH as alkaline catalyst | 186.2 g/kg lipid | Ghadge and Raheman (2005) |
| Pongamia pinnata | Transesterification with methanol, NaOH as catalyst, temp. 60°C | 253 g/kg lipid | Mamilla et al. (2011) |
| Acid-catalyzed esterification by using 0.5% H2SO4, alkali-catalyzed transesterification | 193.2 g/kg lipid | Naik et al. (2008) | |
| Azadirachta indica | Reaction time of 60 min, 0.7% H2SO4 as acid catalyst, reaction temperature of 50°C, and methanol: oil ratio of 3:1 | 170 g/kg lipid | Awolu and Layokun (2013) |
| Soybean | Hydrotalcite as basic catalyst, methanol/oil molar ratio of 20:1, reaction time of 10 h | 189.6 g/kg lipid | Martin et al. (2013) |