Table 1.

Role of tests in determining cognitive impairment for clinical classification and assessing cognitive change over time

	Impairment Cutoffs by Education				Hypothesized Cognitive Domains
Test (maximum score)	<8	8–11	12–16	>16	Clinical Classification	Longitudinal Analyses
MMSE orientation (10)	<7	<8	<8	<9	Orientation
Complex Ideational Material (8)	<7	<7	<7	<7	Language
Boston Naming Test (15)	<9	<10	<11	<13	Language	Semantic memory
Verbal Fluency (75)	<9	<10	<10	<12	Language	Semantic memory
Digital Span Backward (12)	<3	<4	<5	<5	Attention	Working memory
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (110)	<8	<16	<21	<25	Attention	Perceptual speed
Logical Memory IIa (25)	<3	<4	<5	<9	Memory	Episodic memory
Word List Recall (10)	<3	<5	<5	<5	Memory	Episodic memory
Word List Recognition (10)	<8	<9	<9	<9	Memory	Episodic memory
Judgment of Line Orientation (15)	<3	<5	<7	<8	Perception	Visuospatial ability
Standard Progressive Matrices (16)	<5	<6	<7	<8	Perception	Visuospatial ability
Reading Test (15)						Semantic memory
Digit Span Forward (12)						Working memory
Digit Ordering (16)						Working memory
Number Comparison (48)						Perceptual speed
Stroop reading (80)						Perceptual speed
Stroop naming (80)						Perceptual speed
Logical Memory Ia (25)						Episodic memory
Word List Memory (30)						Episodic memory
Immediate story recall (12)						Episodic memory
Delayed story recall (12)						Episodic memory

Note. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.