Table 2.

Relation of early life instruction to late-life risk of incident mild cognitive impairment

	Model A		Model B		Model C		Model D
Instruction Years by Age 18	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95%, CI	HR	95% CI
Foreign language
None (reference group)
1–4 years	0.740	0.570, 0.960			0.796	0.624, 1.017	0.802	0.621, 1.035
>4 years	0.616	0.428, 0.888			0.681	0.482, 0.961	0.692	0.485, 0.987
Music
None (reference group)
1–4 years			0.783	0.609, 1.005	0.815	0.644, 1.030	0.818	0.641, 1.044
>4 years			0.650	0.488, 0.866	0.708	0.539, 0.930	0.716	0.538, 0.953

Note. From 4 separate proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and education. Model D also adjusted for early life indicators of cognitive activity frequency and household socioeconomic status. HR, hazard ration; CI, confidence interval.