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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Urol. 2015 Feb 10;12(2):100–118. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.4

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Artificial skin–CNS–bladder reflex pathway methods.43–47. After hemilaminectomy from L4–S3, the dorsal and ventral roots from L5–S3 are exposed, the ventral roots of L5 and S2 separated from their respective dorsal roots and sectioned. Then, the proximal end of the L5 ventral root is sutured to the distal end of the S2 ventral root in human subjects. Variations included transfer of the L4 to L6 ventral roots, L5 ventral root to S3 ventral roots, L7 to S1 ventral roots, or S1 to S1 and/or S2 ventral roots. Abbreviations: CG, coccygeal; CNS, central nervous system; L, lumbar; S, sacral. Not sure why some changes were made - are you, the editor intending to focus on human only? I added human and animal subject variations (Barbe)