Table 2.
In-hospital mortality profile of HIV positive patients with CM in Kenya between August 2008 and March 2009.
| Variable | Alive n = 46 (%) | Dead n = 30 (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | |||
| Kenyatta National Hospital | 16 (40) | 14 (39) | 0.58 |
| Mbagathi District Hospital | 24 (60) | 16 (61) | |
| Outcome after two weeks of admission | 54 (71) | 22 (29) | 0.07 |
| Age, median years (range) | 35.0 (20–46) | 35.5 (25–53) | 1.00 |
| Sex | |||
| Females | 18 (39) | 12 (40) | 1.00 |
| Males | 28 (61) | 18 (60) | |
| Antifungal therapy | |||
| None | 1 (2) | 4 (13) | 0.08 |
| AmB and FLC | 27 (59) | 12 (40) | 0.26 |
| AmB alone | 13 (28) | 10 (34) | 0.80 |
| FLC alone | 5 (11) | 4 (13) | 0.73 |
| ART | |||
| Current or previous | 14 (30) | 5 (17) | 0.28 |
| Initiated | 8 (17) | 0 (0) | 0.007 |
| TB co-infection | 10 (22) | 15 (50) | 0.04 |
| Co-morbidity present | 15 (33) | 22 (73) | 0.01 |
| Viral load, median HIV-1 RNA copies/μl (range) | 604,924 (207–6,000,000) | 604,746 (93,053–3,536,282) | 0.87 |
| CD4+ T lymphocyte count, median cells/mm3 (range) | 49 (1–468) | 14 (3–214) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics administered | |||
| Any | 44 (96) | 27 (90) | 0.30 |
| None | 1 (2) | 3 (10) | 0.32 |
| Co-trimoxazole | 36 (78) | 18 (60) | 0.35 |
| Benzylpenicillin | 32 (70) | 16 (53) | 0.38 |
| Ceftriaxone | 21 (46) | 11 (37) | 0.55 |
| Chloramphenicol | 18 (39) | 14 (47) | 0.62 |
| Metronidazole | 2 (4) | 3 (10) | 0.38 |
| Baseline creatinine and electrolytes | |||
| Not measured | 25 (54) | 16 (53) | 0.95 |
| Measured | 21 (46) | 14 (47) | 0.84 |
| At least six times | 8 (17) | 0 (0) | 0.02 |
| At least four times | 18 (39) | 2 (7) | 0.002 |
| At least twice | 20 (43) | 5 (17) | 0.02 |
| Once | 1 (2) | 9 (30) | <0.001 |
Values in bold are statistically significant at p<0.05
Chi square and student t-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Co-morbidity include; TB, hepatitis B, brain abscess, Kaposi’s sarcoma, gastroenteritis, hypertension, diabetes, cerebral atrophy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epilepsy, ulcer, psychosis, pellagra, respiratory tract infection, and oral candidiasis.