Figure 2. Uraemic toxins increase ILK activity in EA.hy926 cells.

Cells were incubated in medium supplemented with 2.5% normal serum (NS) plus p-cresol (pc; 10, 50 or 100 μg ml⁻¹) or indoxyl sulfate (IS; 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg ml⁻¹) for 24 h (A) or with 2.5% NS plus pc (10 μg ml⁻¹) or IS (25 μg ml⁻¹) for different times (B). Representative Western blots of phosphorylated GSK-3β in the serine-9 residue (P-GSK-3β) or ILK are shown. Total GSK-3β or GAPDH levels were determined as their respective endogenous control. Bars represent the normalized densitometric analysis of the blots against the endogenous control values. All the values are represented as mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. control (CT; 2.5% NS, 24 h).