Figure 9. Schematic representation of the mechanisms involved in the protective effect of the ILK/AKT pathway in uraemic toxin-induced apoptosis and ROS production of EA.hy926 cells.

The added uraemic toxins upregulate the ILK/AKT pathway, which provides a survival signal protecting endothelial cells from decreases in proliferation and increases in apoptosis and ROS production induced by uraemic toxins. The points of inhibition by the different agents used in this study are shown.