Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Characteristics | No. | Conservative | Unilateral | Bilateral |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 80 | 18 | 39 | 23 |
| Male gender | 66 (82.5) | 18 (100.0) | 33 (84.6) | 15 (65.2) |
| Age1 | 46.4 (15.7) | 43.6 (20.0) | 49.2 (14.4) | 43.9 (16.7) |
| Cause of injury | ||||
| Traffic | 42 (52.5) | 10 (55.6) | 15 (38.5) | 17 (73.9) |
| Fall | 28 (35.0) | 6 (33.3) | 17 (43.6) | 5 (21.7) |
| Violence | 4 (5.0) | 0 | 4 (10.3) | 0 |
| Other/missing | 6 (7.5) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (4.3) |
| GCS score on admission1 | 8.5 (3.8) | 9.2 (4.3) | 9.2 (3.7) | 6.7 (3.3) |
| AIS-head1 | 4.4 (0.8) | 4.2 (0.9) | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.7 (0.6) |
| Pupillary response | ||||
| Present | 52 (66.3) | 11 (61.1) | 31 (79.5) | 10 (43.5) |
| One absent | 6 (7.5) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (5.1) | 3 (13.0) |
| Bilateral absent | 21 (26.3) | 6 (33.3) | 5 (12.8) | 10 (43.5) |
| Outcome | ||||
| GOS1 | 2.9 (1.6) | 2.6 (2.0) | 3.3 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.4) |
| Death | 25 (31.3) | 10 (55.6) | 7 (17.9) | 8 (34.8) |
| Unfavorable (GOS score 1–3) | 45 (56.3) | 12 (66.7) | 16 (41.0) | 17 (73.9) |
| Missing | 3 (3.8) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (5.1) | 0 |
1Mean (SD); All other variables: number (%).
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; SD, standard deviation.