Table 3. Effects of observation and execution of pain expressions (pain vs neutral).
| Anatomical location | Hemisphere | BA | x | y | z | t-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) PAIN EXPRESSION TASK | ||||||
| FRONTAL LOBE | ||||||
| medial/superior frontal gyrus | MID | 6 | -1 | -11 | 60 | 5.08 |
| anterior cingulate cortex (supracallosal) | MID | 32 | -4 | 7 | 39 | 5.85 |
| precentral gyrus | R | 6/4 | 44 | -8 | 39 | 4.99 |
| L | 6/4 | -46 | -17 | 36 | 5.13 | |
| L | 4/6 | -49 | -5 | 18 | 5.07 | |
| L | 4 | -46 | 1 | 12 | 5.36 | |
| inferior frontal gyrus (posterior) | R | 44 | 47 | 7 | 3 | 3.65* |
| L | 44/45 | -49 | 4 | 9 | 5.03 | |
| L | 44/45 | -52 | 10 | 3 | 4.90 | |
| INSULAR LOBE | ||||||
| anterior insula | L | 13 | -40 | 13 | 6 | 4.77 |
| middle insula | L | 13 | -43 | 4 | 3 | 5.21 |
| PARIETAL LOBE | ||||||
| inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus) | R | 40 | 53 | -32 | 24 | 4.18 |
| L | 40 | -55 | -41 | 24 | 4.58 | |
| posterior cingulate cortex | MID | 23 | -1 | -29 | 21 | 4.24 |
| OCCIPITAL LOBE | ||||||
| cuneus | L | 19 | -7 | -77 | 36 | 4.50 |
| superior occipital gyrus | R/MID | 18/19 | 5 | -95 | 27 | 5.24 |
| lingual gyrus | R | 19 | 17 | -65 | 1 | 5.06 |
| L | 19 | -25 | -71 | 6 | 4.65 | |
| SUBCORTICAL | ||||||
| thalamus | R | – | 17 | -8 | 15 | 5.80 |
| L | – | -16 | -8 | 12 | 5.75 | |
| L | – | -13 | -11 | 9 | 5.70 | |
| putamen | R | – | 23 | -2 | 12 | 5.95 |
| L | – | -25 | -2 | 12 | 6.31 | |
| globus pallidus | R | – | 17 | -5 | 0 | 5.27 |
| L | – | -26 | -8 | 0 | 4.80 | |
| cerebellum | R | – | 11 | -77 | -18 | 6.10 |
| R | – | 11 | -92 | -21 | 5.94 | |
| R | – | 32 | -56 | -24 | 6.83 | |
| MID | – | 2 | -71 | -39 | 4.21 | |
| (B) MOVEMENT IMITATION TASK | ||||||
| FRONTAL LOBE | ||||||
| precentral gyrus | R | 6/4 | 35 | -17 | 27 | 4.88 |
| L | 6/4 | -37 | -14 | 30 | 4.67 | |
| PARIETAL LOBE | ||||||
| inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus) | R | 40 | 41 | -32 | 27 | 4.03 |
| postcentral gyrus | L | 40 | -43 | -8 | 21 | 4.09 |
| L | 40 | -61 | -20 | 15 | 4.25 | |
| OCCIPITAL LOBE | ||||||
| lingual gyrus | R | 17 | 17 | -65 | 6 | 4.07 |
| L | 17 | -22 | -74 | 6 | 4.49 | |
| SUBCORTICAL | ||||||
| thalamus | R | – | 14 | -14 | 9 | 4.04 |
| L | – | -16 | -17 | 9 | 4.45 |
Peak values for areas of significant BOLD response change identified by conjunction analysis of pain minus neutral during both stimuli presentation (clip/observation) and task performance (response/execution), in the (A) pain expression task condition (Obs∩Exec(Pain;PT)) and (B) movement imitation task condition (Obs∩Exec(Pain;MT)). See note in Table 2 regarding identification and labeling of brain regions.
*p < 0.002.