Table 4. Main effects of task during both observation and execution (pain expressions only † ):
| Anatomical location | Hemisphere | BA | x | y | z | t-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) PAIN TASK > MOVEMENT TASK (pain expressions) | ||||||
| FRONTAL LOBE | ||||||
| medial/superior frontal gyrus | MID | 6 | -4 | 10 | 60 | 4.98 |
| inferior frontal gyrus | R | 44 | 47 | 19 | 0 | 3.44* ‡ |
| L | 44 | -49 | 13 | 3 | 4.12* | |
| TEMPORAL LOBE | ||||||
| middle temporal gyrus (posterior portion) | L | 21 | -52 | -32 | -9 | 4.72 |
| PARIETAL LOBE | ||||||
| precuneus | L | 31 | -7 | -74 | 30 | 3.93 |
| posterior cingulate gyrus | L/MID | 23/31 | -4 | -41 | 19 | 4.81 |
| OCCIPITAL LOBE | ||||||
| superior occipital gyrus | L | 19 | -43 | -71 | 39 | 4.74 |
| SUBCORTICAL | ||||||
| cerebellum | R | – | 35 | -77 | -42 | 4.29 |
| L | – | -31 | -74 | -42 | 4.57 | |
| (B) MOVEMENT TASK > PAIN TASK (pain expressions) | ||||||
| PARIETAL LOBE | ||||||
| inferior parietal lobule / intraparietal sulcus | R | 40 | 35 | -35 | 39 | 5.06 |
| L | 40 | -29 | -41 | 39 | 4.88 | |
| L | 40 | -55 | -29 | 45 | 3.96* | |
| postcentral gyrus | R | 1/2/3 | 50 | -23 | 36 | 4.70 |
| L | 1/2/3 | -58 | -23 | 33 | 3.94* |
Peak values for areas of significant BOLD response change during both the viewing and performance of pain expressions, in the pain expression task condition (A) (PT—MT (Obs∩Exec)), versus the movement imitation task condition (B) (MT—PT (Obs∩Exec)). See note in Table 2 regarding identification and labeling of brain regions.
*p < 0.002.
† Results are reported for pain expressions only. Similar results were obtained when including the neutral condition with only one exception, in the right IFG
‡: t = 2.31; not significant.