Table 3.
Pooled analysis of adverse events in patients with refractory benign esophageal strictures n (%)
| Overall complications | 72 (31.0) |
| Overall major complications | 41 (17.7) |
| FC SEMS (n = 85) | 9 (10.6)1 |
| Severe retrosternal pain | 5 (5.9) |
| Severe nausea and vomiting | 2 (2.4) |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 2 (2.4) |
| Arrhythmia | 1 (1.2) |
| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy because of impaired intake caused by severe, persistent odynophagia | 1 (1.2) |
| BD stents (n = 77) | 22 (28.6)1 |
| Severe retrosternal pain | 10 (13.0) |
| Hyperplasia-induced stenosis | 5 (6.5) |
| Bleeding, hematemesis | 5 (6.5) |
| Severe nausea and vomiting | 3 (3.9) |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 1 (1.3) |
| SEPS (n = 70) | 10 (14.3) |
| Severe retrosternal pain | 4 (5.7) |
| Perforation | 3 (4.3) |
| Bleeding, hematemesis2 | 2 (2.9) |
| Stent-induced fistula | 1 (1.4) |
| Overall minor complications | 31 (13.4) |
| FC SEMS (n = 85) | 15 (17.6)1 |
| Retrosternal pain | 6 (7.1) |
| Stent infolding/invagination | 3 (3.5) |
| Abdominal pain | 2 (2.4) |
| Globus sensation | 2 (2.4) |
| Reflux symptoms | 1 (1.2) |
| Vomiting | 1 (1.2) |
| Fever | 1 (1.2) |
| BD stents (n = 77) | 8 (10.4) |
| Nausea and vomiting | 3 (3.9) |
| Retrosternal pain | 2 (2.6) |
| Reflux symptoms | 2 (2.6) |
| Minor bleeding | 1 (1.3) |
| SEPS (n = 70) | 8 (11.4) |
| Reflux symptoms | 3 (4.3) |
| Retrosternal pain | 2 (2.9) |
| Minor bleeding | 2 (2.9) |
| Nausea and vomiting | 1 (1.4) |
1
Patients can have more than one complication;
2
Including one stent-related death from massive bleeding. FC SEMS: Fully covered self-expandable metal stent; BD stent: Biodegradable stent; SEPS: Self-expandable plastic stent; PC SEMS: Partially covered self-expandable metal stent.