Table 1.

Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (gs) of corn plants germinated and grown for 20 days in soil treated with CeO₂ nanoparticles at 0, 400, and 800 mg/kg.

CeO2 NPs	Pn (μmol·m−2·s−1)z	E (mmol·m−2·s−1)	gs (mmol·m−2·s−1)
0	2.9 ± 0.2 ay	1.6 ± 0.1 a	93.8 ± 9.8 a
400	3.0 ± 0.1 a	1.4 ± 0.2 a	83.6 ± 12.9 a
800	3.2 ± 0.2 a	1.4 ± 0.1 a	81.5 ± 7.1 a

^zData are means ± standard error of five replicates, two plants per replicate, one leaf per plant.

^yMeans followed by same letter are not significantly different among treatments by Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison at p ≤ 0.05.