Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics by Systolic Blood Pressure on Admission
| Characteristic | Total (N=427) | SBP <100 mmHg (N=165) | SBP ≥100 mmHg (N=262) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56.1 ± 13.9 | 55.7 ± 14.2 | 56.4 ± 13.7 | 0.66 |
| Men, n (%) | 317 (74.2) | 129 (78.2) | 188 (71.8) | 0.17 |
| Race | 0.004 | |||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 254 (59.5) | 116 (70.3) | 138 (52.7) | |
| African American, n (%) | 118 (27.6) | 34 (20.6) | 84 (32.1) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 45 (10.5) | 12 (7.3) | 33 (12.6) | |
| Other, n (%) | 10 (2.3) | 3 (1.8) | 7 (2.7) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 (24, 33) | 27 (23, 32) | 29 (24, 34) | 0.006 |
| Ischemic etiology, n (%) | 212 (49.6) | 90 (54.6) | 122 (46.6) | 0.14 |
| PAC-guided treatment, n (%) | 215 (50.4) | 88 (53.3) | 127 (48.5) | 0.37 |
| In-hospital inotropes, n (%) † | 194 (45.4) | 88 (53.3) | 106 (40.5) | 0.010 |
| Dobutamine, n (%) | 115 (26.9) | 56 (33.9) | 59 (22.5) | 0.018 |
| Milrinone, n (%) | 71 (16.6) | 28 (17.5) | 43 (17.1) | 0.99 |
| Dopamine, n (%) | 42 (9.8) | 24 (14.6) | 18 (6.9) | 0.019 |
| Heart transplant status | 0.001 | |||
| Ineligible, n (%) | 103 (24.1) | 39 (25.0) | 64 (24.9) | |
| Active evaluation, n (%) | 134 (31.4) | 66 (42.3) | 68 (26.5) | |
| No evaluation planned, n (%) | 176 (41.2) | 51 (32.7) | 125 (48.6) | |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 19.4 ± 6.6 | 18.3 ± 6.8 | 20.0 ± 6.4 | 0.008 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 127 (29.7) | 59 (35.8) | 68 (26.0) | 0.039 |
| Smoking | 0.29 | |||
| Never | 117 (27.7) | 49 (29.7) | 68 (26.0) | |
| Current | 51 (12.1) | 17 (10.3) | 34 (13.0) | |
| Quit <6 months | 44 (10.4) | 12 (7.3) | 32 (12.2) | |
| Quit >6 months | 210 (49.8) | 85 (51.5) | 125 (47.7) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 139 (32.6) | 54 (32.7) | 85 (32.4) | 0.92 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 201 (47.1) | 59 (35.8) | 142 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 54 (12.6) | 20 (12.1) | 34 (13.0) | 0.88 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 53 (12.4) | 20 (12.1) | 33 (12.6) | 0.99 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 72 (16.9) | 22 (13.3) | 50 (19.1) | 0.14 |
| Serum sodium, mEq/L | 137 ± 4 | 135 ± 5 | 137 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.29 |
| Serum blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 29 (19, 43) | 30 (21, 47) | 27 (19, 41) | 0.020 |
| Baseline ACEI or ARB, n (%) | 386 (90.4) | 147 (89.1) | 239 (91.2) | 0.50 |
| Baseline beta-blocker, n (%) | 264 (61.8) | 107 (64.8) | 157 (59.9) | 0.36 |
| ICD, n (%) | 115 (26.9) | 52 (31.5) | 63 (24.0) | 0.094 |
| Pacemaker, n (%) | 102 (23.9) | 41 (24.8) | 61 (23.3) | 0.73 |
*
Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
†
Some patients received >1 inotrope; 1 patient (<100 mmHg) received amrinone.
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th, 75th percentile).
ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PAC: pulmonary artery catheter; SBP: systolic blood pressure.