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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Card Fail. 2014 May 28;20(8):593–601. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.05.006

Table 4.

In-hospital Inotrope Use and Outcomes According to Cardiac Index at Baseline

Outcome Cardiac Index <1.8 L/min/m2 (N=82) Cardiac Index ≥1.8 L/min/m2 (N=114)
Major clinical events HR (95% CI) P HR (95% CI) P P interaction
Death, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation 1.48 (0.61–3.58) 0.39 4.65 (1.98–10.9) <0.001 0.072
Death -- LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation censored as alive 2.59 (0.77–8.71) 0.12 3.16 (1.14–8.77) 0.027 0.80
Death, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation -- dopamine ≤3mcg/kg/min not considered as inotrope 1.26 (0.52–2.92) 0.63 4.14 (1.82–9.44) 0.001 0.049
Study days dead or in hospital Ratio (95% CI) P Ratio (95% CI) P P interaction
Any inotrope 1.95 (1.13–3.38) 0.017 2.11 (1.33–3.35) 0.002 0.83
Dopamine ≤3mcg/kg/min not considered as inotrope 1.86 (1.08–3.21) 0.026 1.99 (1.25–3.18) 0.004 0.85

All ratios refer to effect of in-hospital inotrope use compared with no inotrope use as reference.

All models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, etiology of heart failure (ischemic vs. nonischemic), blood urea nitrogen, sodium, and hemoglobin.

CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; LVAD: left ventricular assist device.