Table 5.

In-hospital Inotrope Use and Outcomes According to Etiology of Heart Failure

Outcome	Ischemic Etiology (N=215)		Nonischemic Etiology (N=216)
Major clinical events	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	P interaction
Death, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation	2.64 (1.49–4.68)	0.001	2.19 (1.18–4.07)	0.012	0.44
Death -- LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation censored as alive	2.37 (1.25–4.48)	0.008	1.88 (0.83–4.22)	0.13	0.42
Death, LVAD implantation, or heart transplantation -- dopamine ≤3mcg/kg/min not considered as inotrope	2.39 (1.38–4.14)	0.020	2.06 (1.12–3.80)	0.012	0.47
Study days dead or in hospital	Ratio (95% CI)	P	Ratio (95% CI)	P	P interaction
Any inotrope	2.15 (1.49–3.09)	<0.001	1.65 (1.17–2.32)	0.004	0.19
Dopamine ≤3mcg/kg/min not considered as inotrope	2.03 (1.40–2.92)	<0.001	1.66 (1.17–2.34)	0.004	0.31

All ratios refer to effect of in-hospital inotrope use compared with no inotrope use as reference.

All models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, etiology of heart failure (ischemic vs. nonischemic), blood urea nitrogen, sodium, hemoglobin, and pulmonary artery catheter-guided treatment.

CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; LVAD: left ventricular assist device.