Table 1.
GPS-based activity space areas of Walk The Talk Study participants (n = 95) by sociodemographic group and resource characteristics
| Sociodemographic group | n | SDE area (in hectares) | MCP area (in hectares) | DPA area (in hectares) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | p a | Median (IQR) | p a | Median (IQR) | p a | ||
| All | 95 | 1121.9 (3900.8) | 1753.6 (7097.9) | 837.2 (1389.1) | |||
| Sex | 0.3467 | 0.4616 | 0.6060 | ||||
| Female | 63 | 1183.8 (4903.2) | 1753.6 (7256.0) | 837.2 (1603.6) | |||
| Male | 32 | 972.7 (2355.6) | 1752.6 (4974.1) | 839.8 (1147.7) | |||
| Age (years) | 0.0289 | 0.0617 | 0.1293 | ||||
| 65-69 | 26 | 3071.1 (8827.8) | 4764.5 (12583.2) | 1448.6 (1588.1) | |||
| 70-74 | 29 | 1909.6 (3362.5) | 1952.4 (6744.7) | 958.4 (1150.5) | |||
| 75-79 | 26 | 680.5 (1423.0) | 1031.3 (2325.3) | 566.5 (937.2) | |||
| 80+ | 14 | 483.2 (1397.3) | 791.8 (2624.7) | 532.6 (548.3) | |||
| Race | 0.2727 | 0.3351 | 0.4617 | ||||
| Non-white | 18 | 693.5 (5189.3) | 1163.0 (5545.7) | 786.4 (1486.7) | |||
| White | 77 | 1379.6 (3539.9) | 1896.0 (6854.3) | 837.2 (1353.0) | |||
| Education | 0.8895 | 0.7534 | 0.8814 | ||||
| Secondary school or less | 26 | 982.5 (2522.6) | 1456.0 (2396.1) | 846.1 (838.7) | |||
| Some or completed trade/technical school or college | 36 | 1652.6 (7491.1) | 2837.4 (9796.7) | 949.9 (1853.6) | |||
| Some university or higher | 33 | 887.0 (3896.6) | 1569.1 (5537.3) | 837.2 (1192.6) | |||
| Marital status | 0.5785 | 0.8197 | 0.8308 | ||||
| Not married | 88 | 1160.3 (3735.0) | 1817.2 (7119.1) | 833.8 (1489.2) | |||
| Married | 7 | 616.6 (5038.3) | 1317.0 (4865.3) | 1035.2 (1085.0) | |||
| Living with someone else | 0.7248 | 0.9715 | 0.7171 | ||||
| No | 80 | 1129.3 (3764.0) | 1731.2 (7124.3) | 781.8 (1600.1) | |||
| Yes | 15 | 942.8 (4024.0) | 2777.3 (4865.3) | 1035.2 (1079.6) | |||
| Dog ownership | 0.5570 | 0.8752 | 0.9120 | ||||
| No | 84 | 1160.3 (4036.8) | 1794.8 (7134.7) | 830.2 (1396.0) | |||
| Yes | 11 | 887.0 (2538.0) | 1753.6 (5488.9) | 837.2 (1280.9) | |||
| Walkabilityb | 0.0182 | 0.0096 | 0.0116 | ||||
| Car dependent (0–49) | 19 | 3018.3 (16101.5) | 7982.4 (23676.8) | 2037.2 (2720.9) | |||
| Somewhat walkable (50–69) | 24 | 1194.6 (2898.6) | 1888.4 (6268.4) | 1037.9 (1355.4) | |||
| Very walkable (70–89) | 27 | 1614.0 (4074.9) | 2243.0 (7064.9) | 751.0 (1268.4) | |||
| Walker’s paradise (90–100) | 25 | 605.4 (1830.6) | 1008.9 (2615.6) | 542.4 (773.5) | |||
| Length of time in neighborhood | 0.4415 | 0.6514 | 0.7263 | ||||
| ≤ 2 years | 27 | 1593.0 (4628.6) | 1912.1 (7060.9) | 958.4 (1592.3) | |||
| Between 2 and up to 6 years | 28 | 839.8 (5695.7) | 1535.3 (9962.9) | 794.1 (1476.8) | |||
| Between 6 and up to 9 years | 17 | 942.8 (3631.5) | 2243.0 (6116.3) | 752.4 (1498.6) | |||
| > 9 years | 23 | 770.4 (3672.6) | 1096.2 (7321.2) | 701.9 (1310.5) | |||
| Valid driver’s license | 0.0624 | 0.0501 | 0.0309 | ||||
| No | 23 | 617.6 (2543.3) | 1053.7 (3075.3) | 544.5 (1013.9) | |||
| Yes | 72 | 1218.1 (4266.3) | 1904.0 (6986.1) | 942.5 (1529.9) | |||
| Access to a vehicle | 0.0061 | 0.0027 | 0.0010 | ||||
| No | 37 | 617.6 (2002.8) | 1008.9 (2928.5) | 504.7 (900.9) | |||
| Yes | 56 | 1613.7 (4678.6) | 2501.9 (7009.7) | 997.4 (1511.6) | |||
| Social support/companionship to go outside | 0.5381 | 0.3413 | 0.2613 | ||||
| No | 44 | 982.5 (3446.7) | 1456.8 (5476.1) | 741.0 (1265.3) | |||
| Yes | 51 | 1183.8 (3789.5) | 1896.0 (7054.8) | 958.4 (1532.4) | |||
| Physical support to go outside | 0.0537 | 0.0405 | 0.0510 | ||||
| No | 51 | 887.0 (2731.0) | 1305.4 (3766.4) | 695.0 (893.0) | |||
| Yes | 44 | 1942.6 (8296.2) | 2937.3 (11791.8) | 1047.8 (1757.7) | |||
| Like to walk outsidec | 0.8864 | 0.9967 | 0.8929 | ||||
| Less than very much | 28 | 813.5 (4273.7) | 1222.3 (6828.0) | 741.7 (1469.7) | |||
| Very much | 67 | 1136.8 (3683.4) | 1896.0 (7124.4) | 854.9 (1402.9) | |||
| Confidence walking outsidec | 0.6580 | 0.7116 | 0.8444 | ||||
| Less than very much | 20 | 684.3 (6950.3) | 1168.8 (11618.3) | 716.5 (1919.9) | |||
| Very much | 75 | 1183.8 (3482.5) | 1896.0 (6947.3) | 849.2 (1355.9) | |||
| Falls in past 6 months | 0.8301 | 0.8444 | 0.9164 | ||||
| No | 75 | 1252.4 (3900.8) | 1952.4 (7118.7) | 854.9 (1389.1) | |||
| Yes | 20 | 1004.4 (3384.5) | 1596.8 (6563.9) | 824.3 (1407.8) | |||
| Use of a mobility aid for walking | 0.5248 | 0.5185 | 0.3691 | ||||
| No | 78 | 1152.8 (3596.6) | 1888.4 (7125.3) | 852.1 (1421.1) | |||
| Yes | 17 | 1002.7 (6047.0) | 1241.5 (9690.6) | 752.4 (1556.3) | |||
Abbreviations: Interquartile range (IQR), Standard Deviation Ellipse using one standard deviation (SDE), Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), Daily Path Area using a 200-meter buffer (DPA).
ap-value from Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test across sociodemographic and resource categories.
bMeasured by Street Smart Walk Score for home address.
cLess than very much (1–4 on a 5-point scale); Very much (5 on a 5-point scale).