Table 3.
Associations between sociodemographic groups, resource characteristics and GPS-based activity space area and compactness of Walk The Talk Study Participants (n = 95)
| Area | Compactness | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDE | MCP | DPA | SDE | MCP | DPA | |
| Percent difference (95% CL) | Percent difference (95% CL) | Percent difference (95% CL) | Mean difference (95% CL) | Mean difference (95% CL) | Mean difference (95% CL) | |
| Male | −25.5 (−69.8, 83.6) | −19.0 (−66.6, 96.6) | −15.0 (−47.3, 37.2) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.07) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.11) |
| Age (years)a | ||||||
| 65-69 | 125.8 (−43.4, 801.1) | 91.7 (−50.8, 647.7) | 46.1 (−30.0, 204.5) | −0.07 (−0.17, 0.02) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.03) | −0.08 (−0.22, 0.07) |
| 70-74 | 71.1 (−54.5, 543.6) | 63.4 (−55.6, 501.1) | 30.8 (−35.3, 164.2) | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.01) | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.08) |
| 75-79 | −43.3 (−85.0, 114.5) | −40.3 (−83.9, 120.7) | −17.1 (−59.1, 68.0) | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.02) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.01) | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) |
| Educationa | ||||||
| Some or completed trade/technical school or college | −15.2 (−69.9, 138.6) | −4.5 (−65.5, 164.1) | −1.9 (−43.4, 69.9) | 0.05 (−0.02, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.11) | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.15) |
| Some university or higher | −5.6 (−67.3, 172.5) | 0.7 (−64.5, 185.7) | 5.1 (−40.1, 84.6) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.13) |
| Walkabilitya | ||||||
| Car Dependent (0–49) | 447.8 (54.8, 1838.7) | 525.2 (80.4, 2066.1) | 146.4 (26.0, 381.9) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.07) | −0.16 (−0.30, −0.03) |
| Somewhat Walkable (50–69) | 213.7 (0.6, 877.8) | 237.7 (10.4, 932.7) | 102.3 (10.6, 269.9) | 0.09 (0.01, 0.17) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) | −0.11 (−0.23, 0.01) |
| Very Walkable (70–89) | 225.5 (7.4, 886.6) | 267.0 (23.3, 991.7) | 95.8 (8.7, 252.7) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.11) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.10) | −0.09 (−0.21, 0.02) |
| Length of time in Neighborhooda | ||||||
| Between 2 and up to 6 years | ------b | ------b | ------b | 0.00 (−0.07, 0.08) | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.05) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.15) |
| Between 6 and up to 9 years | ------b | ------b | ------b | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.10) |
| > 9 years | ------b | ------b | ------b | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.15) |
| Have a valid driver’s license | 46.4 (−62.0, 463.3) | 50.5 (−60.0, 466.4) | 17.7 (−42.4, 140.8) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.06) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) |
| Have access to a vehicle | 285.1 (25.0, 1085.9) | 304.4 (33.8, 1122.4) | 139.8 (32.0, 335.6) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.06) | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.04) | −0.16 (−0.27, −0.04) |
| Have physical support to go outside | 184.2 (18.5, 581.2) | 184.9 (20.6, 573.2) | 75.0 (10.0, 178.4) | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.02) | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.01) |
| Like to walk outside very much | ------b | ------b | ------b | −0.09 (−0.15, −0.03) | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.06) |
Abbreviations: Confidence Limits (CL), Standard Deviation Ellipse using one standard deviation (SDE), Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), Daily Path Area using a 200-meter buffer (DPA). Bold values indicate estimates with p < 0.05.
aReference categories: 80+ years old; secondary school or less; Walker’s Paradise (Walk Score 90–100); living in neighborhood less than 2 years.
bNot tested in models of area due to lack of significance in bivariate analysis.