A, Simulated photosynthetic rates (where A = photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate). B, Partial pressure of CO2 inside the chloroplasts (Cc). C, Percentage of (photo)respired CO2 that is refixed. D, Flux of CO2 lost to the atmosphere relative to the total CO2 fixation rate of wild-type (WT) and bypass plants with the default parameters. CB, Carvalho bypass; KB, Kebeish bypass; MB, Maier bypass. Ci = 27 Pa (corresponds to 9 µm in the liquid phase), and PAR = 1,000 μmol m−2 s−1.