FIGURE 3.

Concentration-dependent JNK-1/-2 activation by FFAs. Rat hepatocytes were cultured for 24 h and thereafter treated with the indicated concentration of caprylate or palmitate for up to 60 min. Samples were taken at the indicated time points. Phosphorylation of JNK-1/-2 was analyzed by Western blot using specific antibodies and subsequent densitometric analysis. Total JNK-1/-2 served as respective loading control. Representative blots are shown. Closed black squares, 50 μmol/liter; closed gray squares, 200 μmol/liter. Phosphorylation at t = 0 was set to 1. Data represent the mean ± S.E. of >three independent experiments, *, p < 0.05 statistical significance compared with the unstimulated control.