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. 2014 Aug 12;39(2):312–320. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.122

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mitochondrial abnormalities in heart failure linked to obesity: effects of apelin. (a) Representative electron micrographs of cardiac tissues from vehicle- or apeline-treated HFD-fed mice subjected to sham or AB for 4 weeks: M, mitochondria; Myo, myofilaments; L, lipid droplets; arrow, swelling; asterisks, structural disruption, original magnifications × 3000 or × 10 000. The ultrastructural injury in cardiac tissue from sham and AB mice treated with vehicle or apelin was evaluated by electron microscopy. (b) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial density in heart tissues based on analysis of electron micrographs (n=5 animals per group). (c) Real-time PCR mtDNA/nDNA ratios (n=5), (d) myocardial citrate synthase activity, (e–g) myocardial expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes. (i) Real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis and (k) western blot analysis of Sirt3 expression in vehicle- (n=6) or apeline-treated (n=6) HFD-fed mice after 4 weeks of AB. *P<0.05; ***P<0.001 vs sham-vehicle; §P<0.05; §§§P<0.001 vs AB-vehicle.