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Time of addition effect of kaempferol (white bar) and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside (gray bar) obtained from S. securidaca on HIV replication in Vero cells. The extracts was added either before (−2 and −4), during (0) and after (2 and 4) virus infection. The extracts added before virus infection was rinsed off prior to the virus exposure. Each value is the result of mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Zidovudine has been used as positive control (hatched bar).
