Table 1.

Summary of pathogenic organisms relevant to clinical diagnostics for which biosensors have been developed.

Virus	Bacteria	Fungi
VariolaV [15,16]	Rickettsia prowazecki [15,16]	Coccidioidesimmitis [15,16]
ChikungunyaV [15,16]	Rickettsia rickettsi [15,16,19]	Histoplasmacapsulatum [15,16]
Eastern encephalitis V [15,16]	Rickettsia tsutsugamushi [15,16]	Nocardiaasteroides [15,16]
Venezuelan encephalitis V [15,16]	Bacillus anthracis [15,16,19]
Western encephalitis V [15,16]	Francisella (Pasteurella)tularensis [15,16,19]
Dengue V [15,16]	Pasteurellapestis [15,16]
Yellow fever V [15,16]	Brucellamelitensis, B. suis [15,16,19]
Japanese encephalitis V [15,16]	Coxiellaburnetti [15,16,19]
Russian spring-summer encephalitis V [15,16]	Salmonella typhi [15–17,19]
Argentine hemorrhagic fever V [15,16]	Salmonella paratyphi [15,16,19]
Lassa fever V [15,16]	Salmonella enteric [17]
Lymphocyte choriomeningitis V [15,16]	Shigelladysenteriae [19].
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever V [15,16]	Vibrio cholerae [15–17,19]
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever V [15,16]	Corynebacterium diphtheria [15,16,19]
Haantan (Korean hemorrhagic fever) V [15,16]	Actinobacillus mallei [15,16]
Rift Valley fever V [15,16]	Pseudomonas aeruginosa [17]
Marburg V [15,16]	Pseudomonas pseudomallei [15,16]
Ebola V [15,16]	Mycobacterium tuberculosis [15,16,19]
Hepatitis (A, E) V [15–17]	Burkholderiapseudomallei [17]
Norwalk V [18]	Campylobacter jejuni [17,19]
	Clostridium botulinum [19]
	Escherichia coli-pathogenic [17,19]
	E. coli O157: H7 [18]
	Legionella spp. [17]
	Yersinia enterocolitica [17]
	Yersinia pestis [19]
	Treponemapallidum [19]
	Streptococcus pneumonia [19]
	Staphylococcus aureus [19]
	Listeria monocytogenes [18]