. 2015 Jan 6;15(1):899–931. doi: 10.3390/s150100899

Table 3.

Applications of electronic-nose devices for fruit aroma characterizations.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	E-Nose Type ^†	Discrimination Type	Reference
Apple	Malus domestica Borkr	Rosaceae	FOX 4000 ¹	Post-harvest treatments	[83]
			Smart Nose ²	Shelf life	[84]
			Prototype MOS ³	Maturity stage at harvest	[85]
			Prototype MOS	Shelf life	[86]
			Prototype MOS	Shelf life	[87]
			Prototype MOS	Shelf life	[88]
			Prototype QMBs ⁴	Shelf life	[89]
			Prototype MOS	Prediction of storage time	[90]
			Cyranose 320 ⁵	Aroma profile during deteriorative shelf life	[91]
			Unspecified	Cultivar effect	[92]
			Cyranose 320	Maturity stage at harvest	[93]
			FOX 4000	Cultivar effect	[94]
			Libra Nose ⁶	Maturity stage at harvest	[95]
			Libra Nose	Shelf life	[96]
			Unspecified	Quality assessment	[97]
			FOX 4000	Maturity stage at harvest	[98]
Apricot	Prunus armeniaca L.	Rosaceae	EOS835 ⁷	Ripening stage after harvest	[99]
			PEN2 ⁸	Cultivar effect	[100]
			FOX 4000	Cultivar effect	[101]
Banana	Musa x paradisiaca L.	Musaceae	Prototype MOS	Ripening stage after harvest	[102]
Bell pepper	Capsicum annuum L.	Solanaceae	Unspecified	Quality assessment	[103]
Bergamot	Citrus bergamia Risso and Poiteau	Rutaceae	ISE Nose 2000 ⁹	Cultivar effect; geographic effect; adulteration	[104]
Blackberry	Rubus glaucus Benth	Rosaceae	PEN3 ⁶	Maturity stage at harvest	[105]
			Unspecified	Maturity stage at harvest	[106]
Bilberry	Vaccinium meridionale Swartz	Ericaceae	PEN3	Maturity stage at harvest	[105]
Blueberry	Vaccinium spp.	Ericaceae	Prototype MOS	Ripening stage after harvest; quality control	[82]
Cucumber	Cucumis sativus L.	Cucurbitaceae	FOX 4000	Genotypic effect	[107]
Date	Phoenix dactylifera L.	Arecaceae	FOX 4000	Cultivar effect	[108]
Durian	Durio spp.	Malvaceae	Unspecified	Maturity stage at harvest	[109]
Grape	Vitis vinifera L.	Vitaceae	Cyranose 320	Maturity stage at harvest	[110]
			enQbe ¹⁰	Dehydration time	[111]
			enQbe	Dehydration time	[112]
			enQbe	Dehydration time	[113]
			enQbe	Post-harvest treatments	[114]
			zNose ¹¹	Canopy side effect	[115]
			Cyranose 320	Canopy side effect	[115]
Hazelnut	Corylus avellana L.	Betulaceae	E-Nose 4000 ¹²	Cultivar effect	[116]
			Moses II ¹³	Cultivar effect	[117]
Loquat	Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.	Rosaceae	Unspecified	Cultivar effect	[118]
Mandarin	Citrus reticulate Blanco	Rutaceae	PEN2	Maturity stage at harvest	[119]
			PEN2	Post-harvest treatments	[120]
			PEN2	Maturity stage at harvest	[121]
Mango	Mangifera indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Unspecified	Maturity stage at harvest	[122]
			FOX 4000	Cultivar effect, post-harvest treatments	[123]
			FOX 4000	Cultivar effect, maturity stage at harvest, shelf life	[124]
			Cyranose 320	Maturity stage at harvest	[125]
Muskmelon	Cucumis melo L.	Cucurbitaceae	Not specified	Maturity stage at harvest	[81]
Onion, spring onion garlic, shallot, leek	Allium spp.	Liliaceae	Aromascan CP ¹⁴	Species effect	[126]
Onion	Allium cepa L.	Liliaceae	Aromascan	Fertilization, soil type effect	[127]
			ISENose 2000 ¹⁵	Ecotype effect	[128]
Orange	Citrus x sinensis (L.) Osbeck	Rutaceae	Libra Nose	Shelf life	[129]
Pear	Pyrus communis L.	Rosaceae	Prototype MOS	Maturity stage at harvest	[85]
			Prototype MOS	Shelf life	[87]
			Aromascan	Maturity stage at harvest	[130]
			Prototype MOS	Maturity stage at harvest; quality assessment	[131]
			Prototype MOS	Maturity stage at harvest; quality assessment	[132]
Peach	Prunus persica (L.) Batsch	Rosaceae	PEN2	Shelf life and cultivar effect	[133]
			Prototype MOS	Maturity stage at harvest	[85]
			Libra Nose	Sensorial assessment	[134]
			Libra Nose	Cultivar effect, quality assessment	[135]
			Prototype MOS	Shelf life, quality assessment	[87]
			EOS 835	Cultivar effect, shelf life	[136]
			EOS 835	Cultivar effect	[137]
			PEN3	Maturity stage at harvest	[138]
			FOX 4000	Cultivar effect	[139]
			FOX 4000	Prediction of harvest time, quality assessment	[140]
			Prototype MOS	Prediction of harvest time, quality assessment	[141]
			Prototype MOS	Prediction of harvest time, quality assessment	[142]
			FOX 4000	Shelf life	[61]
Pepper	Piper nigrum L.	Piperaceae	Alpha Gemini	Genotype effect	[143]
Persimmon	Diospirus Kaki L.f.	Ebenaceae	Prototype MOS	Cultivar effect	[144]
		Ebenace	PEN3	Maturity stage at harvest and shelf life	[145]
Pineapple	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.	Bromeliaceae	PEN2	Shelf life	[146]
Sapodilla	Manilkara zapota (L.)P. Royen	Sapotaceae	Prototype MOS	Maturity stage at harvest	[147]
Snake fruit	Salacca edulis Reinw.	Arecaceae	FOX 4000	Maturity stage at harvest	[148]
Sour citrus	Citrus nagato-yuzukichi Tanaka	Rutaceae	Unspecified	Species effect	[149]
Soursoup	Annona muricata L.	Annonaceae	PEN3	Maturity stage at harvest	[150]
Strawberry	Fragaria x ananassa Duch.	Rosaceae	Unspecified	Fertilizations effect	[151]
			PEN2	Processing approaches effect	[152]
			PEN2	Processing approaches effect	[153]
Tomato	Solanum lycopersicon L.	Solanaceae	Unspecified	Cultivar effect, shelf life	[154]
			Libra Nose	Cultivar effect, shelf life	[155]
			Unspecified	Mechanical deterioration effect	[156]
			PEN2	Maturity stage at harvest	[157]
			PEN2	Post-harvest treatments effect	[158]
Cherry tomato	Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme	Solanaceae	PEN2	Shelf life of processed fruits	[159]
Tomato	Solanum lycopersicon L.	Solanaceae	e-Nose 4000 ¹²	Harvesting and postharvest handling treatments effect	[160]
			e-Nose 4000	Post-harvest treatments	[161]
			enQbe	Cultivation techniques effect	[162]
			Unspecified	Maturity stage at harvest and shelf life	[163]
Ussurian pear	Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.	Rosaceae	Unspecified	Maturity stage at harvest	[164]

^†

Electronic nose (e-nose) names, types and manufacturers: 1 = Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France; 2 = SmartNose BV, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; 3 = Self-made prototype equipped with an array of commercial MOS gas sensors; 4 = Quartz microbalances (QMB) gas sensors; 5 = Cyrano Sciences Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA; 6 = Technobiochip, Marciana, Italy; 7 = Sacmi Imola s.c.a.r.l., Imola, Italy; 8 = Airsense Analytics GmbH, Schwerin, Germany; 9 = ISE, Pisa, Italia; 10 = University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy; 11 = Electronic Sensor Technology, Newbury Park, CA, USA; 12 = EEV Inc., Amsford, NJ, USA; 13 = Lennartz Electronic GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; 14 = Osmetech Inc., Wobum, MA, USA; 15 = Labservice Analytica, Bologna, Italy. Unspecified e-nose types were not determinable from descriptions given in the methods section.