Table 1.
Anatomical evidence for direct projections and their neurotransmitters.
| Projection | Origin of evidence | Neurotransmitters used | Origin of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| pfLH → AcbSh, lLH → AcbSh | Phillipson and Griffiths (1985), Brog et al. (1993), Kampe et al. (2009), Hahn and Swanson (2010) | Orexin, MCH* | Bittencourt et al. (1992), Trivedi et al. (1998), Saito et al. (2001), Baldo et al. (2003), Kampe et al. (2009) |
| vlLH → pAcbSh | Phillipson and Griffiths (1985), Brog et al. (1993), Goto et al. (2005) | GABA | Vong et al. (2011) |
| pfLH → LS, lLH → LS | Risold and Swanson (1997b) | Orexin, MCH, CART* | Bittencourt et al. (1992), Marcus et al. (2001), Saito et al. (2001), Baldo et al. (2003), Janzsó et al. (2010) |
| vlLH → LS | Risold and Swanson (1997b) | GABA | Vong et al. (2011) |
| LS → AcbSh | Brog et al. (1993), Zahm et al. (2013) | GABA | Zhao et al. (2013) |
| pfLH → PVT, lLH → PVT | Chen and Su (1990), Kirouac et al. (2006), Hahn and Swanson (2010) | Orexin, MCH, CART* | Marcus et al. (2001), Saito et al. (2001), Baldo et al. (2003), Kirouac et al. (2006) |
| pfLH → PVT | Otake and Nakamura (1995) | CRF | Otake and Nakamura (1995) |
| vlLH → PVT | Chen and Su (1990) | GABA | Vong et al. (2011) |
| PVT → AcbSh | Meredith and Wouterlood (1990), Brog et al. (1993), Parsons et al. (2006), Vertes and Hoover (2008), Ligorio et al. (2009) | Glutamate | Meredith and Wouterlood (1990), Ligorio et al. (2009) |
| pfLH → VP, lLH → VP | Cullinan and Záborszky (1991), Hahn and Swanson (2010) | Orexin* | Baldo et al. (2003) |
| vlLH → VP | Goto et al. (2005) | GABA | Vong et al. (2011) |
| VP → AcbSh | Haber et al. (1985), Phillipson and Griffiths (1985), Brog et al. (1993) | GABA | Churchill and Kalivas (1994) |
*Certain co-transmitters are assumed for specific neuron types. Specifically, orexin is co-transmitted with glutamate and dynorphin, MCH with GABA, and CART with GABA.