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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Early Hum Dev. 2014 Dec 2;91(1):47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.11.005

Table 4.

Parenting stress and maternal self-efficacy for mothers of the study groups.

	Hard of Hearing (n = 27)	Normal Hearing (n = 40)	p-value	Effect Size
Total Parenting Stress, M (SD)	57.2 (16.2)	63.4 (12.9)	0.08	0.05^a
≥ 85^th percentile, n (%)	2 (7)	2 (5)	0.68	0.05^b
Parental Distress, M (SD)	23.4 (8.7)	24.8 (5.9)	0.44	0.01^a
≥ 85^th percentile, n (%)	3 (11)	4 (10)	0.88	0.02^b
Parent-Child DI, M (SD)	15.6 (4.2)	16.2 (3.9)	0.54	0.01^a
≥ 85^th percentile, n (%)	1 (4)	0 (0)	0.22	0.15^b
Difficult Child, M (SD)	18.6 (6.3)	22.1 (5.7)	0.02	0.08^a
≥ 85^th percentile, n (%)	2 (7)	2 (5)	0.68	0.05^b
Maternal Self-Efficacy, M (SD)	35.0 (3.3)	34.8 (2.8)	0.78	0.001^a

Note: Parent-Child DI = Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction.

^a

η².

^b

Φ.