Table 5.
Bivariate associations for parenting factors and child developmental outcomes.
Variable | Hard of Hearing (n = 27)
|
Normal Hearing (n = 40)
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|
PSI-SF Total Stress |
MSE | PSI-SF Total Stress |
MSE | |
PSI-SF Total Stress | --- | −.61** | --- | .37* |
MSE | −.61** | --- | −.37* | --- |
MSEL Early Learning Composite | −.41* | .49* | .10 | .06 |
PLS-4 Total Language | −.31 | .41* | −.18 | .04 |
CDI words produced percentile | −.09 | .01 | −.03 | .11 |
Vineland II Composite | −.31 | .42* | −.01 | .18 |
ITSEA Externalizing | .47* | −.48* | .32* | .01 |
ITSEA Internalizing | .33 | −.48* | .28 | .06 |
ITSEA Dysregulation | .51* | −.41* | .52** | −.08 |
ITSEA Competencies | −.58 | .55** | −.07 | .11 |
Note: PSI-SF = Parent Stress Index – Short Form; MSE = Maternal Self-Efficacy; MSEL = Mullen Scales of Early Learning; PLS-4 = Preschool Language Scales-Fourth Edition; CDI = MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory; Vineland II = Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition; ITSEA = Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment.
p < .05,
p < .01.